Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2007, Featuring Tumors of the Brain and Other Nervous System

Abstract

BackgroundThe American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year’s report highlights brain and other nervous system (ONS) tumors, including nonmalignant brain tumors, which became reportable on a national level in 2004.MethodsCancer incidence data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute, CDC, and NAACCR, and information on deaths was obtained from the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics. The annual percentage changes in age-standardized incidence and death rates (2000 US population standard) for all cancers combined and for the top 15 cancers for men and for women were estimated by joinpoint analysis of long-term (1992–2007 for incidence; 1975–2007 for mortality) trends and short-term fixed interval (1998–2007) trends. Analyses of malignant neuroepithelial brain and ONS tumors were based on data from 1980–2007; data on nonmalignant tumors were available for 2004–2007. All statistical tests were two-sided.ResultsOverall cancer incidence rates decreased by approximately 1% per year; the decrease was statistically significant (P < .05) in women, but not in men, because of a recent increase in prostate cancer incidence. The death rates continued to decrease for both sexes. Childhood cancer incidence rates continued to increase, whereas death rates continued to decrease. Lung cancer death rates decreased in women for the first time during 2003–2007, more than a decade after decreasing in men. During 2004–2007, more than 213 500 primary brain and ONS tumors were diagnosed, and 35.8% were malignant. From 1987–2007, the incidence of neuroepithelial malignant brain and ONS tumors decreased by 0.4% per year in men and women combined.ConclusionsThe decrease in cancer incidence and mortality reflects progress in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. However, major challenges remain, including increasing incidence rates and continued low survival for some cancers. Malignant and nonmalignant brain tumors demonstrate differing patterns of occurrence by sex, age, and race, and exhibit considerable biologic diversity. Inclusion of nonmalignant brain tumors in cancer registries provides a fuller assessment of disease burden and medical resource needs associated with these unique tumors.

Canadian brain cancer survival rates by tumour type and region: 1992–2008

“…19 In Canada, an improvement in survival rates for brain cancer patients between 1967 and 1986 was reported in the province of Saskatchewan which was attributed to patients under the age of 65 years. 8 In contrast, the UK reported an unexpected decline in survival during the late 1980s and 90s, with better survival rates emerging in males and younger age groups a decade later.…”

CD133 positive cells isolated from A549 cell line exhibited high liver metastatic potential

“…Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive neoplasms in the world [1]. Despite management and treatment of lung cancer has been improved these years, but the prognosis remains poor, the 5-year survival rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is no more than 15 % [2].…”

Clinicopathological Findings and Five Year Survival Rates for Patients with Central Nervous System Tumors in Yazd, Iran

“…Overlooking the ambiguous change in 2012, we could say that the tumor incidence is decreasing, which could be attributed to factors like: better early diagnostic tools, increased patient awareness, on time reference of the patients and access to improved resources. Kohler et al (2011) studied the incidence of CNS tumors from 1975-2007, they concluded that the incidence has decreased by 1% each year and they attributed the decrease to better diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Tumor frequency was higher in the male pediatric population in the two first decades.…”