Annual Research Review: On the developmental neuropsychology of substance use disorders

Conrod, Patricia J.; Nikolaou, Kyriaki

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12516

Cited by 110 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 232 publications

(298 reference statements)

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“…Personality factors have been identified as robust risk factors for substance use disorders and have been shown to mediate the genetic predisposition to substance misuse and predict patterns of psychiatric comorbidity and patterns of substance misuse (see [4•] for review). Inspired by these findings, the personality-targeted approach to substance use prevention and brief intervention offers a novel strategy for intervening on risk factors for substance misuse and offers many advantages over more traditional universal prevention or generic intervention approaches targeting substance use behaviours more directly.…”

Section: Substance Misuse In North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspired by these findings, the personality-targeted approach to substance use prevention and brief intervention offers a novel strategy for intervening on risk factors for substance misuse and offers many advantages over more traditional universal prevention or generic intervention approaches targeting substance use behaviours more directly. The current review provides an overview of current practices and empirical findings on personality-targeted interventions for substance misuse, as well as a brief overview of the literature linking personality factors to substance use risk, which is also addressed in more detail in previous publications [4•, 5•].…”

Section: Substance Misuse In North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality-Targeted Interventions for Substance Use and Misuse

2016

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Purpose of ReviewPersonality factors have been implicated in risk for substance use disorders through longitudinal and neurobiologic studies for over four decades. Only recently, however, have targeted interventions been developed to assist individuals with personality risk factors for substance use disorders manage their risk. This article reviews current practices in personality-targeted interventions and the eight randomised trials examining the efficacy of such approaches with respect to reducing and preventing substance use and misuse.Recent FindingsResults indicate a moderate mean effect size for personality-targeted approaches across several different substance use outcomes and intervention settings and formats.ConclusionsPersonality-targeted interventions offer several advantages over traditional substance use interventions, particularly when attempting to prevent development of problems in high-risk individuals or when addressing concurrent mental health problems in brief interventions.

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Section: Substance Misuse In North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Substance Misuse In North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality-Targeted Interventions for Substance Use and Misuse

2016

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“…For example, adolescent research has shown that various health risks appear to cluster in individuals [29, 30], presumably the result of shared underlying distal determinants like low self-esteem [31] or adverse personality traits [32]. Therefore, when studying the causal mechanisms underlying adolescent health risk behaviour by analysing co-variates of these behaviours, it is conceivable that these analyses may be confounded by selective non-response [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of non-response bias due to sampling in public health studies: A comparison of voluntary versus mandatory recruitment in a Dutch national survey on adolescent health

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIn public health monitoring of young people it is critical to understand the effects of selective non-response, in particular when a controversial topic is involved like substance abuse or sexual behaviour. Research that is dependent upon voluntary subject participation is particularly vulnerable to sampling bias. As respondents whose participation is hardest to elicit on a voluntary basis are also more likely to report risk behaviour, this potentially leads to underestimation of risk factor prevalence. Inviting adolescents to participate in a home-sent postal survey is a typical voluntary recruitment strategy with high non-response, as opposed to mandatory participation during school time. This study examines the extent to which prevalence estimates of adolescent health-related characteristics are biased due to different sampling methods, and whether this also biases within-subject analyses.MethodsCross-sectional datasets collected in 2011 in Twente and IJsselland, two similar and adjacent regions in the Netherlands, were used. In total, 9360 youngsters in a mandatory sample (Twente) and 1952 youngsters in a voluntary sample (IJsselland) participated in the study. To test whether the samples differed on health-related variables, we conducted both univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses controlling for any demographic difference between the samples. Additional multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to examine moderating effects of sampling method on associations between health-related variables.ResultsAs expected, females, older individuals, as well as individuals with higher education levels, were over-represented in the voluntary sample, compared to the mandatory sample. Respondents in the voluntary sample tended to smoke less, consume less alcohol (ever, lifetime, and past four weeks), have better mental health, have better subjective health status, have more positive school experiences and have less sexual intercourse than respondents in the mandatory sample. No moderating effects were found for sampling method on associations between variables.ConclusionsThis is one of first studies to provide strong evidence that voluntary recruitment may lead to a strong non-response bias in health-related prevalence estimates in adolescents, as compared to mandatory recruitment. The resulting underestimation in prevalence of health behaviours and well-being measures appeared large, up to a four-fold lower proportion for self-reported alcohol consumption. Correlations between variables, though, appeared to be insensitive to sampling bias.

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“…There are other factors involved that that drive heavy alcohol use and harm 3 that are independent of, or in interaction with, molecular and cellular levels (e.g., alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms 37 ), individual levels (e.g., income 38 and personality 39 ) and environmental levels (e.g., stigma)…”

Section: Reframing Addictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol – conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project

et al. 2017

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In 2013, illegal drug use was responsible for 1.8% of years of life lost in the European Union, alcohol was responsible for 8.2% and tobacco for 18.2%, imposing economic burdens in excess of 2.5% of GDP. No single European country has optimal governance structures for reducing the harm done by nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol, and existing ones are poorly designed, fragmented, and sometimes cause harm. Reporting the main science and policy conclusions of a transdisciplinary five-year analysis of the place of addictions in Europe, researchers from 67 scientific institutions addressed these problems by reframing an understanding of addictions. A new paradigm needs to account for evolutionary evidence which suggests that humans are biologically predisposed to seek out drugs, and that, today, individuals face availability of high drug doses, consequently increasing the risk of harm. New definitions need to acknowledge that the defining element of addictive drugs is ‘heavy use over time’, a concept that could replace the diagnostic artefact captured by the clinical term ‘substance use disorder’, thus opening the door for new substances to be considered such as sugar. Tools of quantitative risk assessment that recognize drugs as toxins could be further deployed to assess regulatory approaches to reducing harm. Re-designed governance of drugs requires embedding policy within a comprehensive societal well-being frame that encompasses a range of domains of well-being, including quality of life, material living conditions and sustainability over time; such a frame adds arguments to the inappropriateness of policies that criminalize individuals for using drugs and that continue to categorize certain drugs as illegal. A health footprint, modelled on the carbon footprint, and using quantitative measures such as years of life lost due to death or disability, could serve as the accountability tool that apportions responsibility for who and what causes drug-related harm.

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Annual Research Review: On the developmental neuropsychology of substance use disorders

Cited by 110 publications

References 232 publications

Personality-Targeted Interventions for Substance Use and Misuse

Personality-Targeted Interventions for Substance Use and Misuse

The impact of non-response bias due to sampling in public health studies: A comparison of voluntary versus mandatory recruitment in a Dutch national survey on adolescent health

Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol – conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project

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