Annual Screening for Skin Cancers Should Be Implemented in High-Risk Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Lee, Anson; Netchiporouk, Elena; Litvinov, Ivan V.

doi:10.1177/1203475419867616

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…cSCCs may also be driven by human papilloma virus infection [ 32 ]. Risk factors for developing cSCC include fair skin, chronic UV exposure, immunosuppression (i.e., in solid organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressants) and select genodermatoses, among others [ 32 , 37 ]. cSCCs may develop in continuity with or progress from actinic keratoses (AK) [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contributions of Cancer-Testis and Developmental Genes to the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte Carcinomas

Ramchatesingh

Gantchev

Villarreal

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Keratinocyte carcinomas are among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the two cancers recognized as keratinocyte carcinomas. The standard of care for treating these cancers includes surgery and ablative therapies. However, in recent years, targeted therapies (e.g., cetuximab for cSCC and vismodegib/sonidegib for BCC) have been used to treat advanced disease as well as immunotherapy (e.g., cemiplimab). These treatments are expensive and have significant toxicities with objective response rates approaching ~50–65%. Hence, there is a need to dissect the molecular pathogenesis of these cancers to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve disease management. Several cancer-testis antigens (CTA) and developmental genes (including embryonic stem cell factors and fetal genes) are ectopically expressed in BCC and cSCC. When ectopically expressed in malignant tissues, functions of these genes may be recaptured to promote tumorigenesis. CTAs and developmental genes are emerging as important players in the pathogenesis of BCC and cSCC, positioning themselves as attractive candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets requiring rigorous testing. Herein, we review the current research and offer perspectives on the contributions of CTAs and developmental genes to the pathogenesis of keratinocyte carcinomas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contributions of Cancer-Testis and Developmental Genes to the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte Carcinomas

Ramchatesingh

Gantchev

Villarreal

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Evaluating Difluoromethylornithine Safety and Efficacy for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Chemoprevention: A Systematic Review

Koulmi,

Cattelan,

Litvinov

2024

J Cutan Med Surg

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Introduction: Recent FDA approval of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase for the prevention of neuroblastoma in children, has renewed interest in this medication for the prevention of other cancers including keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs). It has been investigated for cancer chemoprevention, including neoplasms of the colon, breast, and prostate. Methods: We assessed the current body of literature that determines DFMO efficacy and safety in non-melanoma skin cancer prevention. A systematic search of PubMed Central, and Web of Sciences was performed. Results: In this analysis, 12 studies were included evaluating 1618 patients. Most patients were Caucasian 90% (1452/1618) with a mean age of 61 years, and 73% (1214/1618) had previously been diagnosed with KC. For oral DFMO, reduction in KC was significant in 24% (291/1214) of patients. Nonsignificant reduction was observed in 17% (207/1214) of patients. The remaining studies, representing 59% (716/1214) of patients explored DFMO’s pharmacological/biological effects without elucidating its direct impact on KC. Topical DFMO shows modest efficacy in reducing the number of actinic keratosis (AK), as indicated in 4 studies representing 38.12% (154/404) of patients. For patients taking the oral eflornithine, the most frequently reported adverse events included reversible ototoxicity (11% of patients) gastrointestinal disturbances (10.39%). For the topical DFMO transient local cutaneous eruptions were common impacting 28.76% (111/386) of patients. Conclusion: Current evidence highlights the lack of conclusive data supporting the efficacy of oral DFMO, making it difficult to recommend its use. Conversely, topical DFMO demonstrates more promising outcomes in preventing AKs, presenting a potentially useful alternative in select patients.

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Annual Screening for Skin Cancers Should Be Implemented in High-Risk Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

The Contributions of Cancer-Testis and Developmental Genes to the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte Carcinomas

The Contributions of Cancer-Testis and Developmental Genes to the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte Carcinomas

Evaluating Difluoromethylornithine Safety and Efficacy for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Chemoprevention: A Systematic Review

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