Annular ring coupled circular patch with enhancedperformance

Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna by Improving the Performance Parameters with EBG Structures

“…One approach path proposed is the synthesized substrate that lets down the effectual dielectric constant of the substrate either below or all over the patch [2][3]. Other approach paths are to apply parasitic elements [4][5] or to apply a minimized surface-wave antenna [6]. Electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures, also known as photonic crystals [7], are as well applied to better the antenna functioning [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…The requirement of a more minor antenna size much struggle with the desired wide band or multiband applications. Reconfigurable or tunable antennas supply potential results and have appealed significantly research attempts [1][2][3][4]. Instead than backing wide-band or multiband performances at the same time, accredited antennas are controlled to hop over unlike bands dynamically.…”

“…Placing a PIN diode in between two conducting traces, could control electronically the efficient antenna physical length. Planar microstrip antennas using PIN diode switching for reconfiguration had also been investigated [4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…This alone ownership has been utilized to design antenna systems with a improve gain and efficiency, lower side-lobes and back-lobe levels amend isolations within array elements, by crushing surface wave modes [2][3][4]. The EBG substrate has been utilized to alleviate some withdraws of conventional microstrip antennas [5][6][7].…”

Gain and bandwidth enhancement of a circular microstrip patch antenna with an air dielectric between two substrates

“…We have to add a superstrate or cover layer over the substrates in the resonance gain method [1]. Alternatively, one can use an air gap (dielectric) to reduce the effective permittivity of the cavity under the patch [4], [6]. An air dielectric layer can be used to improve the antenna performance [5].…”