Anodal Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum Reduces Cerebellar Brain Inhibition but Does Not Influence Afferent Input from the Hand or Face in Healthy Adults

Doeltgen, Sebastian; Young, Jessica; Bradnam, Lynley V.

doi:10.1007/s12311-015-0713-5

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Anodal tDCS Cb has been reported to have no after-effect on SAI when tested with PA currents at rest in healthy volunteers [17] , [23] . However, abnormal SAI has been found in patients with cerebellar degeneration [12] , and also in patients with Alzheimer's disease where it has been shown to be partially dependent on cerebellar function [13] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pulse Duration as Well as Current Direction Determines the Specificity of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex during Contraction

2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pulse Duration as Well as Current Direction Determines the Specificity of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex during Contraction

2017

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“…For example, one study demonstrates that anodal tDCS to the right cerebellum increases the inhibitory effect to the primary motor cortex while cathodal tDCS to the right cerebellum reduces this effect [ 15 ]. In contrast, another study in this field reports that anodal c-tDCS may reduce the inhibitory effect to the primary motor cortex [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means anodal c-tDCS would decrease prefrontal cortex activity whereas cathodal c-tDCS would increase prefrontal cortex activity. However, literature regarding the efficacy of c-tDCS is inconsistent, for example, a study by Doeltgen et al [ 18 ] reported that anodal c-tDCS may reduce the inhibitory effect on the primary motor cortex. Also, a study focusing on language functioning [ 19 ] found that both anodal and cathodal c-tDCS enhanced the performance on a phonemic fluency task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar Cathodal Transcranial Direct Stimulation and Performance on a Verb Generation Task: A Replication Study

et al. 2017

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The role of the cerebellum in cognitive processing is increasingly recognized but still poorly understood. A recent study in this field applied cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (c-tDCS) to the right cerebellum to investigate the role of prefrontal-cerebellar loops in language aspects of cognition. Results showed that the improvement in participants' verbal response times on a verb generation task was facilitated immediately after cathodal c-tDCS, compared to anodal or sham c-tDCS. The primary aim of the present study is to replicate these findings and additionally to investigate possible longer term effects. A crossover within-subject design was used, comparing cathodal and sham c-tDCS. The experiment consisted of two visits with an interval of one week. Our results show no direct contribution of cathodal c-tDCS over the cerebellum to language task performance. However, one week later, the group receiving cathodal c-tDCS in the first visit show less improvement and increased variability in their verbal response times during the second visit, compared to the group receiving sham c-tDCS in the first visit. These findings suggest a potential negative effect of c-tDCS and warrant further investigation into long term effects of c-tDCS before undertaking clinical studies with poststroke patients with aphasia.

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“…Third, we did not include a measure of cerebellar output, such as CBI, because CBI has not been yet been demonstrated to exist in UT cortical representations. However, TBS has consistently influenced hand muscle CBI [32,34,41], as has cerebellar direct current stimulation when the anode is placed over the lateral cerebellum [42,76]. Furthermore, PET scanning demonstrated robust metabolic effects in both cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei following cTBS applied to the lateral cerebellum [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation and Motor Control Training in Individuals with Cervical Dystonia

2016

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Background: There is emerging evidence that cervical dystonia is a neural network disorder with the cerebellum as a key node. The cerebellum may provide a target for neuromodulation as a therapeutic intervention in cervical dystonia. Objective: This study aimed to assess effects of intermittent theta-burst stimulation of the cerebellum on dystonia symptoms, quality of life, hand motor dexterity and cortical neurophysiology using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Methods: Sixteen participants with cervical dystonia were randomised into real or sham stimulation groups. Cerebellar neuromodulation was combined with motor training for the neck and an implicit learning task. The intervention was delivered over 10 working days. Outcome measures included dystonia severity and pain, quality of life, hand dexterity, and motor-evoked potentials and cortical silent periods recorded from upper trapezius muscles. Assessments were taken at baseline and after 5 and 10 days, with quality of life also measured 4 and 12 weeks later. Results: Intermittent theta-burst stimulation improved dystonia severity (Day 5, −5.44 points; p = 0.012; Day 10, −4.6 points; p = 0.025), however, effect sizes were small. Quality of life also improved (Day 5, −10.6 points, p = 0.012; Day 10, −8.6 points, p = 0.036; Week 4, −12.5 points, p = 0.036; Week 12, −12.4 points, p = 0.025), with medium or large effect sizes. There was a reduction in time to complete the pegboard task pre to post intervention (both p < 0.008). Cortical neurophysiology was unchanged by cerebellar neuromodulation. Conclusion: Intermittent theta-burst stimulation of the cerebellum may improve cervical dystonia symptoms, upper limb motor control and quality of life. The mechanism likely involves promoting neuroplasticity in the cerebellum although the neurophysiology remains to be elucidated. Cerebellar neuromodulation may have potential as a novel treatment intervention for cervical dystonia, although larger confirmatory studies are required.

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Anodal Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum Reduces Cerebellar Brain Inhibition but Does Not Influence Afferent Input from the Hand or Face in Healthy Adults

Abstract: Anodal DCS reduced CBI but did not change SAI or TRs in healthy adults. These results require confirmation in individuals with neurological impairment.

Cited by 40 publications

References 61 publications

Pulse Duration as Well as Current Direction Determines the Specificity of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex during Contraction

Pulse Duration as Well as Current Direction Determines the Specificity of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex during Contraction

Cerebellar Cathodal Transcranial Direct Stimulation and Performance on a Verb Generation Task: A Replication Study

Cerebellar Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation and Motor Control Training in Individuals with Cervical Dystonia

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