Anode Improvement in Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Tao, Tao; Lu, Sheng‐Guo; Fan, Yining; Lei, Weiwei; Huang, Shaoming; Chen, Ying

doi:10.1002/adma.201700542

Cited by 258 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…However, the extensive utilization of Li/S batteries in practical applications is still hindered by various severe issues e.g., poor cycle life, low Coulombic efficiency and safety hazards. Most of these issues can be correlated to the use of Li metal, as it forms high surface area lithium (HSAL) deposits often called dendrites during prolonged dissolution/deposition [173,174]. A possible approach to avoid these issues, is the preparation of Li metal-free Li/S batteries, so-called Li-ion/S batteries [175,176], but, consequently, there is a need for an alternative lithium source within the cell.…”

Section: Pre-lithiation For Rechargeable Li-ion/sulphur Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In order to meet the sophisticated demands for large-scale applications such as electro-mobility, next generation energy storage technologies require advanced electrode active materials with enhanced gravimetric and volumetric capacities to achieve increased gravimetric energy and volumetric energy densities. However, most of these materials suffer from high 1st cycle active lithium losses, e.g., caused by solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, which in turn hinder their broad commercial use so far. In general, the loss of active lithium permanently decreases the available energy by the consumption of lithium from the positive electrode material. Pre-lithiation is considered as a highly appealing technique to compensate for active lithium losses and, therefore, to increase the practical energy density. Various pre-lithiation techniques have been evaluated so far, including electrochemical and chemical pre-lithiation, pre-lithiation with the help of additives or the pre-lithiation by direct contact to lithium metal. In this review article, we will give a comprehensive overview about the various concepts for pre lithiation and controversially discuss their advantages and challenges. Furthermore, we will critically discuss possible effects on the cell performance and stability and assess the techniques with regard to their possible commercial exploration.

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Section: Pre-lithiation For Rechargeable Li-ion/sulphur Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

et al. 2018

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“…47 However, its role is severely neglected in a coin cell with the excess of Li metal and electrolyte. When we adopt the pouch-cell format to evaluate Li−S batteries, the role of anode will be prominent.…”

Section: The Significance Of LI Metal Anode In Working Li−s Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Cheng

Huang

Zhang

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

251

170

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Due to the high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg −1 , lithium-sulfur batteries are strongly regarded as the promising nextgeneration energy storage devices. However, the practical applications of lithium-sulfur batteries are challenged by several obstacles, including the low sulfur utilization and poor lifespan, which are partly attributed to the shuttle of lithium polysulfides and lithium dendrite growth in working lithium-sulfur batteries. Suppressing lithium dendrite growth is a necessary step not only for a safe and efficient Li metal anode, but also for a high capacity cell with a high Coulombic efficiency. Herein we review the lithium metal anode protection in a polysulfide-rich environment, relative to most reviews on lithium metal anode without considering the effect of lithium polysulfides in lithium metal batteries. Firstly, the importance and dilemma of Li metal anode issues in lithium-sulfur batteries are underscored, aiming to arouse the attentions to Li metal anode protection. Specific attentions are paid to the surface chemistry of Li metal anode in a polysulfide-rich lithium-sulfur battery. Next, the proposed strategies to stabilize solid electrolyte interface and protect Li metal anode are included. Finally, a general conclusion and a perspective on the current limitations, as well as recommended future research directions of Li metal anode in lithium-sulfur batteries are presented. The ever-increasing requirement for efficient and economic energy storage technologies has triggered the continued research into advanced battery systems.1 Lithium ion batteries, based on the lithium intercalation chemistry, have dominated the battery market since their commercial application in the 1990s.2 However, conventional lithium ion batteries are very expensive and their energy densities (theoretically, 350 − 500 Wh kg −1 , practically, 100 − 250 Wh kg −1 ) seem insufficient for long-range electrical vehicles and high-end portable electronics. These emerging demands have energized the evolution of other alternative rechargeable batteries with higher energy density and longer lifespan.3 Lithium−sulfur (Li−S) battery, a 'beyond Li-ion' technology, has drawn extensive attentions due to its high specific capacity (1675 mAh g −1 ) and energy density (2600 Wh kg −1 ). 4-6The greater energy storage ability of Li−S batteries is realized through the phase-transformation electrochemistry based on elemental sulfur cathode and metallic lithium anode [S 8 + 16Li ↔ 8Li 2 S], 7,8 which is fundamentally different from current transition metal-based cathodes and graphite-based anodes in Li-ion batteries.The conversion chemistry in a Li−S cell offers not only significant advantages as mentioned above, but also some critical challenges, such as the low conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfide, the huge volumetric change from sulfur (71 mol L −1 ) to lithium sulfide (36 mol L −1 ), and the shuttle of long-chain polysulfide intermediates during discharge/charge cycling.9-12 Therefore, a composite cathode with sulfur in ...

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“…3,4 For instance, present Li S batteries have limited cycling stability arising from the diffusion of soluble polysulfides as well as safety concerns caused by the lithium metal anode. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Thus, the electrochemical performance of Li S batteries has been notably improved in terms of cyclability and capacity. 3,4 The main approaches include encapsulating sulfur with carbon materials, immobilizing polysulfides through chemisorption or physisorption, placing a physical barrier between the cathode and the separator, and protecting the active lithium anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 The main approaches include encapsulating sulfur with carbon materials, immobilizing polysulfides through chemisorption or physisorption, placing a physical barrier between the cathode and the separator, and protecting the active lithium anode. [10][11][12][13][14] The tendency of many studies being oriented on physical methods may be attributed to the lack of an in-depth understanding of the physicochemical properties of polysulfides in an electrolyte, such as their chemical or physical interactions with electrolytes and the importance of their solubility on the electrochemical behavior of a sulfur cathode. [5][6][7][8][9] Most studies have focused on blocking the migration of the polysulfides, mainly through physical strategies such as confining active materials within a cathode structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Features of Electrolyte Solvents that Enable High‐Performance LiS Batteries

Kang

Kim

Park

et al. 2019

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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In a lithium-ion battery, the organic solvent in the electrolyte simply acts as a medium that facilitates ionic charge transfer, whereas for the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery, the choice of the electrolyte is critical as it influences the chemical nature of the soluble polysulfides and the cycling stability of the lithium metal anode. Li-S batteries currently use ether-based electrolytes with high polysulfide solubility. Until now, however, the necessary requirements and the roles of the electrolytes have been inconclusive. This work elucidates the essential features and functions of the electrolyte based on an intensive investigation into 17 variants of solvents. Furthermore, examples of electrolytes for high performance, rechargeable Li-S batteries are suggested. The three major study procedures are (1) analyzing the chemical stability of reactive polysulfide species and lithium metal in the solvents of choice, (2) inspecting the chemical reactivity of lithium metal in a polysulfide solution, and (3) evaluating the influences of the solvent on the performance of Li-S cells. Based on the chemical and electrochemical test results, we suggest that the stability of the active materials (i.e., lithium metal and lithium polysulfides) should be ensured in an electrolyte for the proper operation of Li-S cells, that chemical reactions between the polysulfide species and lithium metal should be negligible during the charge-discharge process. In addition, we have confirmed that the high polysulfide solubility is essential for high rate performance.

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Anode Improvement in Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Cited by 258 publications

References 119 publications

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Essential Features of Electrolyte Solvents that Enable High‐Performance LiS Batteries

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