Anode jet in a high-current vacuum arc

Попов, С. А.; Schneider, A. V.; Batrakov, A. V.; Sandolache, G.; Rowe, S.; Markov, A. B.; Zyul’kova, L. A.

doi:10.1134/s1063784212070183

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…When the arc current is high enough, the energy flux directed from the arc column to the anode can heat the electrode surface to a sufficiently high temperature, leading to significant anode evaporation into the arc column [1]. The arc parameters and the arc appearance with an active anode have been studied mainly by means of optical emission spectroscopy [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and analysis of the arc images obtained from a high-speed camera [8][9][10]. Based on these studies, the anode activity is divided into several high-current anode modes, namely diffuse, footpoint, anode spot and anode plume mode [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of transient anode surface temperature in vacuum arc

Yang¹,

Wang²,

Gortschakow³

2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In this paper, the spatial-temporal evolution of the anode temperature in the vacuum arc during the formation of an anode spot is investigated by numerical simulation and experiments. A transient self-consistent model is established to calculate the arc parameters and the anode temperature. The simulations predict that the maximum anode temperature always occurs after the current peak. Ion density and atom density at the anode side increase significantly during the formation of the anode spot. In the anode spot mode, more evaporated anode material comes into the arc column, leading to higher plasma temperature around the spot. The anode vapor can reduce the energy flux from the plasma to the anode center, providing more uniform anode temperature distribution and correspondingly smoother plasma parameter distributions in the vicinity of the anode center. In addition, a higher Cr fraction in the electrodes can result in a higher anode temperature. Near-infrared spectroscopy and high-speed camera thermography are used to study the anode temperature experimentally in order to verify the simulation results. A reasonable agreement was found.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of transient anode surface temperature in vacuum arc

Yang¹,

Wang²,

Gortschakow³

2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…When the interruption current is high, the anode will be in active state and becomes another source of inter-electrode plasma. This phenomenon is frequently observed in many experiments [12], but only Schade and Shmelev [4] did some preliminary 2D simulation works on it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

3D numerical simulation of vacuum arc with anode vapor in actual magnetic fields

Huang

Wang

Jia

et al. 2014

2014 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)

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Characteristics of vacuum arc seriously influence the interruption ability of vacuum switches. In many cases (especially in commercial electrode systems), vacuum arcs are not completely axial symmetrical configuration. So, three-dimensional simulation of vacuum arc is needed. On the other hand, when the interruption current is very high, the anode will be in active state and becomes another source of inter-electrode plasma. In this paper, a time dependent actual magnetic field generated by commercial cup-shaped axial magnetic field (AMF) electrode is simulated. With this magnetic field and the simulation results of anode temperature, the dynamic characteristics of vacuum arc considering anode vapor pressure (also considering simplified cathode spots diffusion and open process of electrode) are obtained. In the simulation results, the magnetic field distribution of commercial cup-shaped electrode is six leaves shape, and so do other parameters. There are some ions pressed by high anode vapor pressure from anode to arc column.

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“…According to the experimental results of Popov et al [20], multiple MPs are usually splashed out from the active anode during the arc-burning process. According to literature [21,22], MPs are usually spherical, with typical sizes ranging from several microns to several hundred microns, and the diameter of larger MPs can be up to 0.7 mm.…”

Section: The Simulation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value of current in the table is the instantaneous current at the simulation moment; The position is the position of the MPs in the interelectrode region during simulation; The temperature is the temperature of the MPs surface, regardless of the temperature distribution of the MPs. In order to compare with experimental results in [20], the simulation conditions in this paper are the same as those in [20]. The invariable conditions in the simulation model are: the electrode material is pure copper, with the diameter of 20 mm and the gap distance of 10 mm.…”

Section: The Simulation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [20], the researchers used an intensified charge coupled device camera with interference filter mode to record the anode jet in pure Cu and CuCr electrodes. The typical result is in the pure Cu electrode, they observed a glowing spherical shell around a big bright copper droplet flying near the cathode edge.…”

Section: The Influence Of Multiple Mps On the Characteristics Of Arc ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical investigation on the influence of metal particles on the characteristics of a high-current vacuum arc

Zhao

Chen

Huang

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In the arc-burning process of a high-current vacuum arc (HCVA), the metal particles (MPs) splashed from the active anode will have a significant influence on the plasma characteristics of the arc column. In this paper, the influence of varying MPs on the characteristics of HCVA are studied by establishing a HCVA model containing single or multiple MPs. The simulation results show that when the MPs vaporized metal vapor (MV) enters the interelectrode region and once the arc column plasma cannot ionize all atoms immediately, the ionization layer and the neutral atom vapor area (NAVA) will be formed in the adjacent region of the MPs. When the MP diameter and temperature increase, the number of vaporized metal atoms increases, so that the influence range of MV increases, and the area of ionization layer and the NAVA increases. In addition, when the arc current increases or the MPs are closer to the cathode surface, the greater the ion number density and ion pressure around the MPs are, the stronger the compression on the MV will be, resulting in the decrease of the area of ionization layer and the neutral atom vapor, and the increase of the net ionization rate of the ion number density. When multiple MPs exist in the interelectrode region at the same time, the MV from the MPs will affect each other. In the central region of multiple MPs, the density of MV becomes the largest, while the net ionization rate of ion number density is distributed in the periphery region of the MP group.

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Anode jet in a high-current vacuum arc

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of transient anode surface temperature in vacuum arc

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of transient anode surface temperature in vacuum arc

3D numerical simulation of vacuum arc with anode vapor in actual magnetic fields

Numerical investigation on the influence of metal particles on the characteristics of a high-current vacuum arc

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