Anodic-aluminum-oxide template assisted fabrication of cesium iodide (CsI) scintillator nanowires

Chen, Chien Chon; Chang, Shao Fu; Luo, Zhiping

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2013.09.017

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Thus, selection of scintillator depends on the specific objective of an application. Thallium activated NaI and CsI are among the most popular scintillators that have exhibited very high light yields [8,9], and their decay time is about~200 ns. Whereas self-activated BaF 2 crossluminescence is very fast (0.6 ns), it has low radiative efficiency due to the low probability of forming holes in the upper core band [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on X-ray Excited Emission Decay Dynamics in Inorganic Scintillator Materials

Kumar

Luo

2021

Photonics

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Scintillator materials convert high-energy radiation into photons in the ultraviolet to visible light region for radiation detection. In this review, advances in X-ray emission dynamics of inorganic scintillators are presented, including inorganic halides (alkali-metal halides, alkaline-earth halides, rare-earth halides, oxy-halides, rare-earth oxyorthosilicates, halide perovskites), oxides (binary oxides, complex oxides, post-transition metal oxides), sulfides, rare-earth doped scintillators, and organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators. The origin of scintillation is strongly correlated to the host material and dopants. Current models are presented describing the scintillation decay lifetime of inorganic materials, with the emphasis on the short-lived scintillation decay component. The whole charge generation and the de-excitation process are analyzed in general, and an essential role of the decay kinetics is the de-excitation process. We highlighted three decay mechanisms in cross luminescence emission, exitonic emission, and dopant-activated emission, respectively. Factors regulating the origin of different luminescence centers controlling the decay process are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on X-ray Excited Emission Decay Dynamics in Inorganic Scintillator Materials

Kumar

Luo

2021

Photonics

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“…53 Chen et al experimentally prepared CsI nanowires in AAO. 55 Very recently, Taheri et al reported an X-ray imager based on ZnO nano-scintillator wires in polycarbonate membrane with high spatial resolution of less than 6.8 m. 56 As pointed out by Dujardin et al, the research on nanoscintillators is an open field for studies of excitation mechanisms, exploration of new scintillator materials, and applications of active compounds. 46 The research on nano-scaling effect on the X-ray luminescence needs large exploration.…”

Section: Research On Scintillators At Nanoscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Nanoscale Cesium Iodide (CsI) Scintillators for High-Energy Radiation Detection

Chen¹,

Hun²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Rev Nanosci Nanotech

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The CsI-based scintillators have been widely used for X-or gamma-ray detections. It has been known that columnar scintillators favor the detections with higher efficiency and spatial resolution. In this paper, we report a facile and low-cost method to fabricate submicron nanoscale CsI columns. We integrated the thermodynamic calculations, positive chamber design, mold design, electrochemical bath design, anodization process, and solidification techniques to fabricate such submicron CsI columns. When the CsI melt is confined to AAO channels with a high aspect ratio, stable CsI columns solidified with smooth surfaces, and free of dendrites or grain boundaries. Different solidification approaches have been attempted, including mechanical injection in vacuum under a negative pressure, injection at 1 atm, 3 atm and 25 atm using Ar gas only, and mechanical injection with 1.6 atm Ar pressure. The mechanical injection or high-pressure Ar injection at 25 atm produced good filling of CsI melt into AAO channels. Such CsI columns inside the smooth AAO walls enable the highenergy radiation detection with high light emission for pixelated scintillator applications.

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“…(1) CsI (Na) ingot put on the AAO surface, (2) heating CsI (Na)/AAO at 630 °C, applied a hydraulic pressure (10 kgf/cm 2 ) to the CsI (Na) melt, (3) cooling CsI (Na)/AAO sample at 30 °C/min of cooling rate. According to above steps we can obtain the CsI (Na) nano or sub-micron CsI (Na) column [30][31][32]. We also compared the quality and microstructure of CsI columns that formed under normal pressures of 1 atm and applied pressure of 10 kgf/cm 2 .…”

Section: The Cesium Iodide Fabrication Process and Character Izationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fabrication of sub-micron size cesium iodide x-ray scintillator

et al. 2015

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The cesium iodide (CsI) scintillator can converts incident X-ray into visible light with very high conversion efficiency of optical photons. The incident energy, response time, film thickness, sample size, and spatial resolution require in engineering and medical applications are difference. A smooth and flat surface and single crystal structure of CsI enhance the X-ray to visible light conversion. However, the regular CsI is soft and extremely hygroscopic; it is very difficult to polish to obtain a smooth and optical flat plane. In order to obtain a good quality of CsI scintillator for X-ray application we used an ordering channel as template and formed sub-micron CsI wire in the template. The fabrication process including: (1) Ordering structure of nano or sub-micron channels were made by an anodization method; (2) fill CsI scintillated film on the channel by CsI solution, (3) fill CsI melt into the channel formation single crystal of sub-micron crystalline scintillator after solidification. The non-vacuum processes of anodization and solidication methods were used for the sub-micron CsI scintillator column formation that is cost down the scintillator fabrication. In addition, through the fabrication method, the ordering structure scintillator of scintillator can be made by anodic treatment and die casting technology with low cost and rapid production; moreover, the film oxidized metal tubes of the tubular template can be further manufactured to nano tubes by adjusting electrolyte composition, electrolysis voltage, and processing time of anodic treatment, and the aperture size, the thickness and the vessel density of the nano tube can be controlled and ranged from 10 nm to 500 nm, 0.1 μm to 1000 μm, and hundred million to thousand billion tube/cm 2 , respectively.

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Anodic-aluminum-oxide template assisted fabrication of cesium iodide (CsI) scintillator nanowires

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

A Review on X-ray Excited Emission Decay Dynamics in Inorganic Scintillator Materials

A Review on X-ray Excited Emission Decay Dynamics in Inorganic Scintillator Materials

Fabrication of Nanoscale Cesium Iodide (CsI) Scintillators for High-Energy Radiation Detection

The fabrication of sub-micron size cesium iodide x-ray scintillator

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