Anodic electrode reaction of p-type silicon in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium fluorohydrogenate room-temperature ionic liquid

Tsuda, Tetsuya; Amezawa, Koji; Hachiya, Kan; Hagiwara, Rika; Raz, Ofer; Ein‐Eli, Yair

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.027

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Figure 16a indicates the surface morphology of the sample obtained by the Si anodic dissolution at À0.42 V versus Fc R /Fc. [188] The resulting sample was covered with a mesoporous Si layer having a pore size of 15-25 nm. The cross-sectional view of the Si sample (Fig.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Porous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in Materials Science Opened by Ionic Liquids

et al. 2010

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Ionic liquids (ILs) including ambient-temperature molten salts, which exist in the liquid state even at room temperature, have a long research history. However, their applications were once limited because ILs were considered as highly moisture-sensitive solvents that should be handled in a glove box. After the first synthesis of moisture-stable ILs in 1992, their unique physicochemical properties became known in all scientific fields. ILs are composed solely of ions and exhibit several specific liquid-like properties, e.g., some ILs enable dissolution of insoluble bio-related materials and the use as tailor-made lubricants in industrial applications under extreme physicochemical conditions. Hybridization of ILs and other materials provides quasi-solid materials, which can be used to fabricate highly functional devices. ILs are also used as reaction media for electrochemical and chemical synthesis of nanomaterials. In addition, the negligible vapor pressure of ILs allows the fabrication of electrochemical devices that are operated under ambient conditions, and many liquid-vacuum technologies, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of liquids, electron microscopy of liquids, and sputtering and physical vapor deposition onto liquids. In this article, we review recent studies on ILs that are employed as functional advanced materials, advanced mediums for materials production, and components for preparing highly functional materials.

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Section: Fabrication Of Porous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in Materials Science Opened by Ionic Liquids

et al. 2010

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“…Considering the nature of the electrolyte, one might expect isotropic etching behavior during OCV and formation of porous surface under anodic dissolution due to the single crystallinity of the silicon. The formation of a porous surface in conventional aqueous HF and non-aqueous EMIm(HF) 2.3 F solutions is mainly achieved under highanodic current densities and/or potentials for both n-and p-type Si electrodes during relatively short operation times [28,[40][41][42][43][44][45]. Specifically for the EMIm(HF) 2.3 F solutions, different pore morphologies with widths ranging from 15 to 200 nm and depths up to 20 µm could be produced depending on the Si specifications and experimental conditions [43][44][45].…”

Section: Microstructure Of Anode Surfaces After Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on discharge behavior and performance of As- and B-doped silicon anodes in non-aqueous Si–air batteries under pulsed discharge operation

et al. 2019

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Very high theoretical specific energies and abundant resource availability have emerged interest in primary Si-air batteries during the last decade. When operated with highly doped Si anodes and EMIm(HF) 2.3 F ionic liquid electrolyte, specific energies up to 1660 Wh kg Si −1 can be realized. Owing to their high-discharge voltage, the most investigated anode materials are ⟨100⟩ oriented highly As-doped Si wafers. As there is substantial OCV corrosion for these anodes, the most favorable mode of operation is continuous discharge. The objective of the present work is, therefore, to investigate the discharge behavior of cells with ⟨100⟩ As-doped Si anodes and to compare their performance to cells with ⟨100⟩ B-doped Si anodes under pulsed discharge conditions with current densities of 0.1 and 0.3 mA cm −2 . Nine cells for both anode materials were operated for 200 h each, whereby current pulse time related to total operating time ranging from zero (OCV) to one (continuous discharge), are considered. The corrosion and discharge behavior of the cells were analyzed and anode surface morphologies after discharge were characterized. The performance is evaluated in terms of specific energy, specific capacity, and anode mass conversion efficiency. While for high-current pulse time fractions, the specific energies are higher for cells with As-doped Si anodes, along with low-current pulse fractions the cells with B-doped Si anodes are more favorable. It is demonstrated, that calculations for the specific energy under pulsed discharge conditions based on only two measurements-the OCV and the continuous discharge-match very well with the experimental data.

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“…These industries have driven production of silicon raw materials to a range of $2–$30 per kilogram ranging from metallurgical grade to electronic grade, respectively. However, doped silicon suffers both from surface traps that inhibit conductivity3 and the immense reactivity of surface-bound silicon atoms with electrolytes that inhibits electrochemical stability45. This reactivity has favored the wide use of silicon as anode materials in metal-ion batteries67, where charge is stored through intercalation reactions, but has inhibited producing silicon-based materials for stable double-layer charge storage.…”

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Surface engineered porous silicon for stable, high performance electrochemical supercapacitors

Oakes

Westover

Mares

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

174

122

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Silicon materials remain unused for supercapacitors due to extreme reactivity of silicon with electrolytes. However, doped silicon materials boast a low mass density, excellent conductivity, a controllably etched nanoporous structure, and combined earth abundance and technological presence appealing to diverse energy storage frameworks. Here, we demonstrate a universal route to transform porous silicon (P-Si) into stable electrodes for electrochemical devices through growth of an ultra-thin, conformal graphene coating on the P-Si surface. This graphene coating simultaneously passivates surface charge traps and provides an ideal electrode-electrolyte electrochemical interface. This leads to 10–40X improvement in energy density, and a 2X wider electrochemical window compared to identically-structured unpassivated P-Si. This work demonstrates a technique generalizable to mesoporous and nanoporous materials that decouples the engineering of electrode structure and electrochemical surface stability to engineer performance in electrochemical environments. Specifically, we demonstrate P-Si as a promising new platform for grid-scale and integrated electrochemical energy storage.

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Anodic electrode reaction of p-type silicon in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium fluorohydrogenate room-temperature ionic liquid

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

New Frontiers in Materials Science Opened by Ionic Liquids

New Frontiers in Materials Science Opened by Ionic Liquids

Analysis on discharge behavior and performance of As- and B-doped silicon anodes in non-aqueous Si–air batteries under pulsed discharge operation

Surface engineered porous silicon for stable, high performance electrochemical supercapacitors

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