Anodic growth of TiO2 nanopore arrays at various temperatures

Sulka, Grzegorz D.; Kapusta, Joanna; Brzózka, Agnieszka; Jaskuła, Marian

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.121

Cited by 105 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The procedure that leads to the formation of TiO 2 nanotubes was described in our previous report [8]. To sum it up briefly, the procedure is based on a two-stage anodization process providing highly ordered nanotubular architecture [14]. The first and the second steps were performed in the same conditions: temperature (23°C±1°C), electrolyte composition (0.27 M NH 4 F in 1 %/99 % v/v water/ethylene glycol solution), and anodization parameters (40 V, 2 h).…”

Section: Experimental Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of electrochemical doping approach resulting in highly photoactive iodine-doped titania nanotubes

Szkoda

Siuzdak

Lisowska-Oleksiak

2015

J Solid State Electrochem

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The paper focuses on the optimization procedure concerning the synthesis method resulting in highly ordered titania nanotubes doped with iodine atoms. The doping process was based on the electrochemical treatment of a titania nanotube layer immersed in a potassium iodide (KI) solution acting as an iodine precursor. A number of endeavors were undertaken in order to optimize the doping conditions. Electrolyte concentration, reaction voltage, and time/duration were the main factors that influenced the iodine (I)-doping effect on the photoactivity. The parameters of electrochemical doping that result in a material characterized by the highest photocurrent density are as follows: reaction voltage of 1.5 V, duration of 15 min, and 0.1 M KI. Different spectroscopic techniques, i.e., UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the absorbance capability and the crystalline phase, to confirm the presence of iodine atoms and to study the nature of chemical compounds. The morphology inspection performed by means of scanning electron microscopy shows that the doping process does not affect the ordered tubular architecture. The photocurrent densities of the I-doped sample were six times higher in comparison to those generated by the pure titania nanotube electrode. Moreover, doped samples act as a much better catalyst in the photodegradation process of methylene blue and formation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) than undoped samples.

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Section: Experimental Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of electrochemical doping approach resulting in highly photoactive iodine-doped titania nanotubes

Szkoda

Siuzdak

Lisowska-Oleksiak

2015

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…[26][27][28] However, there are very few papers involved in the formation mechanism of the ribs around the nanotubes. In 2009, Valota et al 25 proposed that the oxygen gas significantly reduces the efficiency of film growth with increasing water content in the electrolyte.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A series of useful papers concerning many factors and their influence on the morphologies of ATNTs have been reported, [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] including applied voltages, 22,23 current oscillation and anodizing duration, 24 water content, 25 temperature and electrolyte. [26][27][28] However, there are very few papers involved in the formation mechanism of the ribs around the nanotubes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Formation Mechanism of Gaps and Ribs Around Anodic TiO₂Nanotubes and Method to Avoid Formation of Ribs

Chong

Gao

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Anodic TiO 2 nanotubes (ATNTs) have been studied extensively for many years. However, their mysterious formation mechanism still remains unclear. The formation of gaps and ribs around the nanotubes has not been elucidated. Here, various surface and cross-section morphologies of ATNTs obtained under different anodizing conditions and their evolution process have been investigated in detail. Based on many experimental facts, new explanations for the gaps and ribs are presented. An entire surface layer covered on the nanotubes plays a primary role on the formation of gaps and ribs. The gaps result from the radial distribution of the electric field at the pore bottom. No newly-formed oxide will exist along the gap direction, because the electric filed along the gap is the minimum. The ribs result from the electrolyte entering into the wider gaps among the ATNTs due to the rupture of the entire surface layer. The rings or ribs on the outer wall of ATNTs are formed at the electrolyte/Ti interface due to the discontinuous existence of a small amount of electrolyte within the gap base. The present viewpoint was demonstrated by an original micro-dam, which can block the electrolyte entering into the gaps and avoid the formation of ribs.

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“…Among numerous strategies reported in the literature, one of the most popular method for fabricating nanostructured oxide layers on the metal surface is controlled anodic oxidation (anodization) of metals under specified conditions [3]. Anodization, widely recognized as an easy way to synthesize nanoporous alumina [4,5], and nanoporous or nanotubular titania [6][7][8] have been recently employed to fabricate nanostructured oxides also on the surface of other metals such as: Nb, Hf, W, V, Zr, Cr, Fe, Ni, Sn, and so on [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina by Anodic Oxidation of Low Purity Aluminum Substrates

et al. 2015

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The aim of this chapter is to present some recent findings on the fabrication of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) layers by anodization of low purity aluminum substrates. The use of low purity, technical aluminum alloys, instead of high purity substrates, can significantly reduce the cost of AAO fabrication, however, this can also affect the structure and properties of as produced alumina layers. Here, we focused on the comparison of oxide layer growth on substrates with different Al contents, as well as on the new procedures used for the synthesis of well-ordered nanoporous oxides from technical aluminum alloys. Some applications of the formed nanoporous AAO layers are presented. IntroductionDuring the recent years nanomaterials have received significant attention due to many unique chemical and physical properties that make them promising materials for various modern applications. As a result, nanotechnology is now one of the most popular sciences which have opened a lot of new perspectives in almost all scientific disciplines [1]. Up to now, the main problem that limits the practical application of nanomaterials is a relatively high cost of nanofabrication [2]. That is why considerable research efforts focus on the design and control of novel nanostructures via innovative synthetic strategies. A big attention has been paid to development a simple and inexpensive method of nanofabrication that can be used not only in a laboratory scale but also could have some potential for a commercial-scale implementation. Among numerous strategies reported in the literature, one of the most popular method for fabricating nanostructured oxide layers on the metal surface is controlled anodic oxidation (anodization) of metals under

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Anodic growth of TiO2 nanopore arrays at various temperatures

Cited by 105 publications

References 59 publications

Optimization of electrochemical doping approach resulting in highly photoactive iodine-doped titania nanotubes

Optimization of electrochemical doping approach resulting in highly photoactive iodine-doped titania nanotubes

Formation Mechanism of Gaps and Ribs Around Anodic TiO₂Nanotubes and Method to Avoid Formation of Ribs

Synthesis of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina by Anodic Oxidation of Low Purity Aluminum Substrates

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Anodic growth of TiO2 nanopore arrays at various temperatures

Cited by 105 publications

References 59 publications

Optimization of electrochemical doping approach resulting in highly photoactive iodine-doped titania nanotubes

Optimization of electrochemical doping approach resulting in highly photoactive iodine-doped titania nanotubes

Formation Mechanism of Gaps and Ribs Around Anodic TiO2Nanotubes and Method to Avoid Formation of Ribs

Synthesis of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina by Anodic Oxidation of Low Purity Aluminum Substrates

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Formation Mechanism of Gaps and Ribs Around Anodic TiO₂Nanotubes and Method to Avoid Formation of Ribs