Anodic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethylene Carbonate in Li-Ion Battery Electrolyte

Chen, Guoying; Zhuang, Guorong V.; Richardson, Thomas J.; Liu, Gao; Ross, Philip N.

doi:10.1149/1.1921127

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A similar chemical to LiDFOB, lithium tetrafluoro oxalato phosphate ͑LTFOP͒, which has only one oxalato ring, was investigated as an alternative salt for lithium-ion batteries. 19,20 As salt, it showed a promising cycling performance as LiPF 6 ; however, the increased surface impedance was has concern because it might affect the power capability of the Li-ion battery. The merit of LTFOP could be retained while the disadvantage could be limited when it is used as a functional additive in the electrolyte with only a few percent of additions.…”

Section: ͓1͔mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome this problem, researchers have developed several passivation additives that can polymerize and form a stable passivation film at the electrode surface during the formation cycles. Examples of these additives are vinyl ethylene carbonate, [6][7][8] vinylene carbonate, 7,9-11 lithium bis͑oxalato͒borate ͑LiBOB͒, 12,13 and vinyl pyridine.14 It has been reported that the bis͑oxalato͒borate anion ͑BOB − ͒ of LiBOB can be reduced at 1.7 V vs Li + /Li and form an artificial and stable solid electrolyte interface ͑SEI͒ layer that can improve the capacity retention of graphite negative electrodes. 12,13 Although not yet confirmed, BOB − is believed to be first reduced at 1.7 V vs Li + /Li, after which an oxalato ring forms…”

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Lithium Tetrafluoro Oxalato Phosphate as Electrolyte Additive for Lithium-Ion Cells

Qin

Chen

et al. 2010

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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Lithium tetrafluoro oxalato phosphate ͑LTFOP͒ was investigated as an electrolyte additive to improve the life of mesocarbon microbead ͑MCMB͒/Li 1.1 ͓Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ͔ 0.9 O 2 ͑NCM͒ cells for high power applications. With the addition of 1-3 wt % LTFOP to MCMB/NCM cells, the capacity retention after 200 cycles at 55°C significantly improved. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the LTFOP addition in the electrolyte increased the initial impedance but lowered the impedance growth rate during cycling. Aging tests at 55°C indicated that the capacity retention of the negative electrode significantly benefited as a result of the LTFOP addition. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the safety of the lithiated MCMB is significantly improved with the LTFOP addition. Lithium-ion batteries are being developed as the power source for hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, 1-4 which generally require a battery with 15 years of life, improved safety, and low cost. This requirement is a significant challenge for the current technology of lithium-ion batteries, and a great deal of effort has been devoted to extend their calendar and cycle life. A promising approach is to develop functional electrolyte additives that limit the degradation of electrode materials during cycling by stabilizing the electrode/electrolyte interface. The state-of-the-art nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries is LiPF 6 dissolved in carbonates; however, LiPF 6 is sensitive to a trace amount of moisture, which can trigger the decomposition of LiPF 6 to produce PF 5 , LiF, POF 3 , and HF.5 HF, in turn, attacks the cathode materials to release metal ions. Amine et al. 1 reported that a trace amount of reaction by-products, such as HF, LiF, POF 3 , and Mn 2+ , can attack the electrodes ͑in particular, the negative electrode͒ and dramatically shorten the life of the battery. To overcome this problem, researchers have developed several passivation additives that can polymerize and form a stable passivation film at the electrode surface during the formation cycles. Examples of these additives are vinyl ethylene carbonate, [6][7][8] vinylene carbonate, 7,9-11 lithium bis͑oxalato͒borate ͑LiBOB͒, 12,13 and vinyl pyridine.14 It has been reported that the bis͑oxalato͒borate anion ͑BOB − ͒ of LiBOB can be reduced at 1.7 V vs Li + /Li and form an artificial and stable solid electrolyte interface ͑SEI͒ layer that can improve the capacity retention of graphite negative electrodes. 12,13 Although not yet confirmed, BOB − is believed to be first reduced at 1.7 V vs Li + /Li, after which an oxalato ring forms ͓1͔The free end of the opened oxalato group would then attack another BOB − to initiate a polymerization reaction and form a protective film on the surface of the graphite. Equation 1 also shows that the other oxalato ring of BOB − can be electrochemically activated and trigger a cross-linking reaction between different BOB-based polymer chains. This cross-linking reaction can then lead to the significant growth of the SEI ...

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Section: ͓1͔mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Lithium Tetrafluoro Oxalato Phosphate as Electrolyte Additive for Lithium-Ion Cells

Qin

Chen

et al. 2010

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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“…Besides, 1,3-butadiene is cheap and easily available from industry. BMO is readily used to prepare vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), which can largely improve the performance of the secondary battery as an additive [9]. During the synthesis of VEC, carbon dioxide reacts with BMO and is consumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature and Reaction Time on the Synthesis of Butadiene Monoepoxide Using Iron Complex as an Efficient Catalyst

Zong¹,

Kharismadewi²,

Sup³

et al. 2012

Clean Technology

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at -10 ℃ with low catalyst loadings by using commercially available peracetic acid as an oxidant. The main aspect of our study is to investigate the effect of temperature (from -10 to -40 ℃) and time on the epoxidation reaction. The epoxidation reaction was fast and almost completed within 5 min at temperatures above -20 ℃, whereas it became slow at temperatures below -20 ℃. The yield of butadiene monoepoxide (BMO)increased with increasing the reaction time. Generally, when the more butadiene was used, the higher yield was obtained. The highest yield of BMO was 90%.

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“…These studies allowed identifying important reflections bands of the SEI as the asymmetric carbonyl stretching at 1650 cm FTIR studies on samples from Post-Mortem analyses have also been conducted aiming to tackle differences when using electrolyte additives. [172][173][174] In these cases both, anodes and cathodes were studied. Likewise, FTIR results are used to compare SEI characteristics when changing the Li-based salt.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review—Post-Mortem Analysis of Aged Lithium-Ion Batteries: Disassembly Methodology and Physico-Chemical Analysis Techniques

Waldmann

Iturrondobeitia

Kasper

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

249

149

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Improvement of life-time is an important issue in the development of Li-ion batteries. Aging mechanisms limiting the life-time can efficiently be characterized by physico-chemical analysis of aged cells with a variety of complementary methods. This study reviews the state-of-the-art literature on Post-Mortem analysis of Li-ion cells, including disassembly methodology as well as physicochemical characterization methods for battery materials. A detailed scheme for Post-Mortem analysis is deduced from literature, including pre-inspection, conditions and safe environment for disassembly of cells, as well as separation and post-processing of components. Special attention is paid to the characterization of aged materials including anodes, cathodes, separators, and electrolyte. More specifically, microscopy, chemical methods sensitive to electrode surfaces or to electrode bulk, and electrolyte analysis are reviewed in detail. The techniques are complemented by electrochemical measurements using reconstruction methods for electrodes built into half and full cells with reference electrode. The changes happening to the materials during aging as well as abilities of the reviewed analysis methods to observe them are critically discussed. Li-ion batteries are currently used in everyday objects such as smart-phones, power tools and tablet computers as well as in the growing fields of light electric vehicles (LEVs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). [1][2][3][4] Furthermore, the rise of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, which are only intermittently available, demands reliable and highly flexible stationary energy storage solutions, which provide high capacities and predictable life-times. 2,5Aging of Li-ion batteries is a general problem for manufacturers as they have to guarantee long-term reliability of their products. For state-of-the-art cells, degradation effects on the material level lead to capacity fade and resistance increase on the cell level. The aging state of a battery is often characterized by the state-of-health (SOH) in % according to 3,16,22,[29][30][31] SO H(t) = discharge capacity (t) discharge capacity (t = 0)[1]where t represents the aging time. In general, one has to differentiate between cycling 7,16,18,21,[23][24][25]32 and calendar aging. 7,19,[21][22][23][24]27 Since commercial Li-ion cells can be subject to calendar aging in the time between manufacturing and delivery, it is good practice to measure the discharge capacity at t = 0 for each cell that undergoes an aging test. Since the discharge capacity depends mainly on temperature, depth-of-discharge (DOD), and discharge current, the SOH is usually monitored by regular check-ups with defined parameter sets, 7,16,21,23,24 which can vary depending on the application. Typically, a temperature of 25• C, 16,22,24 DOD of 100%, 16,21 and discharge rates of 1C 7,16,21,22,24 or lower 23 are used in check-ups. The performance dec...

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Anodic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethylene Carbonate in Li-Ion Battery Electrolyte

Cited by 50 publications

References 20 publications

Lithium Tetrafluoro Oxalato Phosphate as Electrolyte Additive for Lithium-Ion Cells

Lithium Tetrafluoro Oxalato Phosphate as Electrolyte Additive for Lithium-Ion Cells

Effect of Temperature and Reaction Time on the Synthesis of Butadiene Monoepoxide Using Iron Complex as an Efficient Catalyst

Review—Post-Mortem Analysis of Aged Lithium-Ion Batteries: Disassembly Methodology and Physico-Chemical Analysis Techniques

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