Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of vardenafil hydrochloride at pencil graphite electrode

Interpol review of controlled substances 2016–2019

“…Phosphodiestrase-5 Inhibitors (PDE—5) – Cialis (tadalafil), Levitra (vardenafil), Viagra(sildenafil), and similar drugs: 2016 spectrofluorimetric method for determination of both tadalafil (TAD) and vardenafil (VAR) in pure and tablet dosage forms [ 1102 ]; HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of seven drugs including the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: dapoxetine, duloxetine, fluoxetine, and paroxetine [ 1103 ]; HPLC-PDA and HPLC-MS methods for the analysis of genuine ViagraA (R), generic products of ViagraA (R), and counterfeit samples [ 1104 ]; immunochromatographic (IC) assay was developed based on polyclonal antibodies for determination of sildenafil and major analogues in herbal samples [ 1105 ]; LC-ESI-MS/MS method to identify phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and their analogues in dietary supplements and food [ 1106 ]; HPLC-UV, GC/FT-IR/MS and HRMS for the isolation and structural characterization of a tadalafil analog (chloropropanoylpretadalafil) in dietary supplements [ 1107 ]; HPLC, QTOF- MS and NMR spectroscopy for identification and structural elucidation of three new tadalafil analogues found in a dietary supplements [ 1108 ]; GC-MS/MS mass for identification, confirmation and quantification of 6 phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (sildenafil, dimethylsildenafil, homosildenafil, thiosildenafil, thiodimethylsildenafil and thiohomosildenafil) in dietary supplements [ 1109 ]; disposable potentiometric sensor for determination of sildenafil [ 1110 ]; UPLC-MS/UV method for simultaneous determination of sildenafil citrate and dapoxetine hydrochloride [ 1111 ]; 2017 colorimetry in identifying imitator products by comparing the color signatures of Viagra tablets with imitator sildenafil tablet [ 1112 ]; ultrasound-assisted (UA) dispersive nanocomposite solid-phase micro-extraction (UA-DNSPME) to determine trace levels of Sildenafil Citrate in water [ 1113 ]; pencil graphite electrode (PGE) system for the trace-level determination of vardenafil hydrochloride [ 1114 ]; two amperometric methods to determine Sildenafil Citrate in Viagra (R) and Generics, using Batch Injection Analysis (BIA) and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) systems with a cell for Screen Printed Electrodes [ 1115 ]; LC-ESI-MS/MS for determining the synthetic phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, and the active metabolite N-desmethyl sildenafil in water matrices [ 1116 ]; batch injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection (BIA-MPA) used as a screening method on tablets containing sildenafil [ 1117 ]; analysis of Voriconazole and Tadalafil by HPLC [ 1118 ]; immunochromatographic strip for screening of tadalafil and its analogues in herbal samples [ 1119 ]; TLC and Raman for detection of PDE-5 inhibitors [ 1120 ]; SPE assisted reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by LC-UV to simultaneously determine the concentration ...…”

Pencil Graphite Electrode Decorated with Xylenol Orange Flakes for Studying Possible Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Vardenafil and Daclatasvir

“…Various analytical methods for the determination of either VAR or DAC in their pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids have been reported. The reported analytical methods for determination of VAR include liquid chromatography , gas chromatography , atomic emission spectrometry , capillary electrophoresis , voltammetric methods and different spectroscopic methods . In addition, several methods were reported for quantitative determination of DAC either alone or simultaneously with the other newly approved drugs including different chromatographic methods , stability indicating HPLC studies in bulk and formulations , electrochemical methods , spectrofluorimetric methods and thin layer chromatographic method .…”

Voltammetric Determination of Vardenafil on Modified Electrodes Constructed by Graphite, Metal Oxides and Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

“…Up to now, several methods were recommended for the determination of vardenafil such as atomic emission spectroscopy, 7 liquid chromatography with UV detection, [8][9][10] fluorescence detection, 11 chemiluminescence detection, 12 tandem mass spectrometry, [13][14] gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 15 and voltammetry. [16][17][18] In voltammetric studies, researchers used glassy carbon electrode, 16 carbon paste electrode 17 and pencil graphite electrode 18 , respectively. The developed methods in this study are as sensitive as these voltammetric techniques in the literature studies.…”