Anodic ZnO-Graphene Composite Materials in Lithium Batteries

Abstract

An important area to cope with in the implementation of technologies for the generation of energy from renewable sources is storage, so it is a priority to develop new ways of storing energy with high efficiency and storage capacity. Experimental reports focused on ZnO-graphene composite materials applied to the anode design which indicated that they show low efficiencies of around 50 %, but values very close to the theoretical capacity have already been reported in recent years. The low efficiency of the materials for the anode design of the Li-ion battery is mainly attributed to the pulverization and fragmentation of the material or materials, caused by the volumetric changes and stability problems during the charge/discharge cycles. In this chapter, we will discuss the development of composite materials such as ZnOgraphene in its application for the design of the anode in the Li-ion battery.

A review on zinc oxide composites for energy storage applications: solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors

“…The improvement and advancement in batteries as an effective storage device has been taken centuries, from the first battery, invented in 1800 by Alessandro Volta [92], to the lithium-ion batteries introduced by Sony in 1991 [93]. LIBs, one of the most appropriate choices for energy storage devices, are superior to the other batteries regarding the number of cycles [94]. The key parts of a Li-ion cell are shown in Fig.…”

“…The operating approach of a Li cell is built on the movement of Li-ions between the two electrodes, able to store Li. LiCoO2 cathode, carbon anode, as well as LiPF6 electrolytes have been used in the first Li-based batteries that had a capacity of about 140 mAh and 3.7 V and an efficacy of 50 % that was quite low [94].…”