Anodized Aluminum Surface with Topography-Mediated Antibacterial Properties

Abstract

Topography-mediated antibacterial surfaces that inactivate bacteria by physical contact have gained attention in recent years. Contrary to conventional antibacterial coatings, topography-mediated antibacterial surfaces do not suffer from coating instability and possible toxicity problems. In this study, a one-step hard anodization process has been deployed to fabricate a topography-mediated antibacterial aluminum surface. By optimizing anodization parameters, such as the concentration of the electrolyte, current density, and anodization time, desirable features of micronanoscale morphology were achieved. The optimum conditions of anodized aluminum that provided pores of a diameter of 151 ± 37 nm effectively killed 100% of E. coli bacteria.

Ultrasonic–biogenic synthesis of silver on anodized aluminum with superior antibacterial properties

“…However, at 60 minutes of contact, 100% E. coli had been killed by Ag/AAO/Al, copper and the other controls, except the as-received aluminum, which resulted in only 12% death of E. coli . Thus, Ag/AAO/Al compares favourably with the results of our previous contributions 30,62 and commercially available antimicrobial copper-alloy. It should be mentioned that the United States of America's Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved the registration of antimicrobial copper-alloy as “antimicrobial materials” with public health benefits and as a standard for comparing other antimicrobial touch surfaces.…”

“…Positive controls were performed for t = 0 and t = 4 h to ascertain bacterial cell viability. Antibacterial efficiency was calculated from [( A − B )/ A × 100%, 30 where A = CFU per cm 2 of viable bacteria on (Ag/AAO/Al) coupon and B = CFU per cm 2 of viable bacteria on the as-received aluminum coupon (control coupons)]. For quality control and reproducibility, dry seeding assay was repeated in triplicates.…”

Anodized Nanostructured 316L Stainless Steel Enhances Osteoblast Functions and Exhibits Anti-Fouling Properties

“…They informed that 151 nm pore size effectively killed 100% of E. coli . The mechanism of action for anti-fouling characteristics for the nanostructured surfaces was closely linked to the nanoscale topography of the samples.…”

“…They informed that 151 nm pore size effectively killed 100% of E. coli . 51 The mechanism of action for anti-fouling characteristics for the nanostructured surfaces was closely linked to the nanoscale topography of the samples. It was suggested that the bacteria could attach more easily and establish more stable attachments on smooth surfaces compared to rough ones.…”

Antimicrobial Aluminum Surfaces for Curbing Healthcare-Associated Infections—A Short Review

“…While desirable nanoscale topography is achievable, the mechanical property of the nanoscale coating is rather weak [12]. In our research group, Agbe et al [13] utilized anodization as an alternative surface treatment process to achieve antimicrobial aluminum surfaces with superior antimicrobial properties and mechanical robustness. In that work, a one-step hard aluminum anodization process was employed and anodization parameters, such as electrolytes concentration, current density, and anodization time, were optimized to obtain desirable surface morphology (with diameters 151 ± 37 nm), which was effective in inactivating 100% Escherichia-coli (E. coli) bacteria (Figures 1 and 2).…”