Anogenital Distance for Detection of Fetal Sex in First Trimester of Pregnancy

Elanwar, Amal Mohammed; Shazly, Sherin; Attia, Nourdan Adel Ibrahim; Heraiz, Ahmed Ismail

doi:10.21608/ejhm.2023.288384

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Several factors contribute to this gap in research, including technical challenges in measuring AGD accurately during the early stages of pregnancy and the need for standardized measurement protocols. Furthermore, ethical considerations surrounding early sex determination necessitate careful consideration, particularly in terms of consent and the use of this information [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anogenital Distance for Detection of Fetal Sex in First Trimester

2024

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: The determination of fetal sex in the first trimester has significant implications, not only for familial curiosity but more critically in sex-linked genetic disorders. Traditional methods range from invasive procedures with associated risks to non-invasive techniques that may lack universal accessibility or come with high costs. Ultrasonography in the second trimester, though effective, offers a delayed resolution that may not be ideal for early intervention in cases of sex-linked diseases. Objective: This study aimed to assess the utility of anogenital distance (AGD) measurements in the first trimester as a reliable, non-invasive predictor of fetal sex, thereby facilitating earlier diagnosis and management of sex-linked conditions. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Benha University Hospitals' Feto-maternal Unit, 245 pregnant women within 11-13 weeks +6 days of gestation were included. The AGD was measured via ultrasound, avoiding positional bias, to predict fetal sex. Results:The study delineated a clear distinction in AGD measurements between male and female fetuses, with males presenting significantly longer AGD. Optimal AGD cut-offs were established at 4.5 mm for weeks 11 to 12+6 days with an AUC of 0.967-0.988, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. At 13 weeks to 13 weeks +6 days, a cut-off of 4.9 mm was identified, with an (Area under the Curve) AUC of 0.928. The predictive accuracy of fetal sex using AGD was substantiated by a 100% confirmation rate of sex determination in the second trimester and post-delivery. Conclusions: AGD measurement in the first trimester presents a highly accurate, non-invasive method for early fetal sex determination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anogenital Distance for Detection of Fetal Sex in First Trimester

2024

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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The Predictive Accuracy of Anogenital Distance and Genital Tubercle Angle for First-Trimester Fetal Sex Determination

Alfuraih,

Almajem,

Alsolai

2024

Diagnostics

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Background: Early identification of fetal gender is crucial for managing gender-linked genetic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of anogenital distance (AGD) and genital tubercle angle (GTA) for fetal sex determination during the first trimester. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted on 312 fetal cases between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation from two tertiary hospitals. AGD and GTA measurements were taken from midsagittal plane images using ultrasound, with intra- and inter-reader reproducibility assessed. Binomial logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were employed to determine the diagnostic performance and optimal cutoff points. Results: AGD had a mean of 7.16 mm in male fetuses and 4.42 mm in female fetuses, with a sensitivity of 88.8%, specificity of 94.4%, and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.931 (95% CI: 0.899–0.962) using 5.74 mm as a cutoff point. For GTA, the mean was 35.90 degrees in males and 21.57 degrees in females, with a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 84.7%, and an AUC of 0.932 (95% CI: 0.904–0.961) using 28.32 degrees as a cutoff point. The reproducibility results were excellent for AGD (intra-operator ICC = 0.938, inter-operator ICC = 0.871) and moderate for GTA (intra-operator ICC = 0.895, inter-operator ICC = 0.695). Conclusions: The findings suggest that AGD and GTA are reliable markers for early fetal sex determination, with AGD showing higher reproducibility. The findings highlight the feasibility and accuracy of these non-invasive sonographic markers and their potential usefulness in guiding timely interventions and enhancing the management of gender-linked genetic conditions.

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Anogenital Distance for Detection of Fetal Sex in First Trimester of Pregnancy

Cited by 2 publications

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Anogenital Distance for Detection of Fetal Sex in First Trimester

Anogenital Distance for Detection of Fetal Sex in First Trimester

The Predictive Accuracy of Anogenital Distance and Genital Tubercle Angle for First-Trimester Fetal Sex Determination

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