Anomalías cerebrales en el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad: una revisión

Rubia, Katya; Alegría, Analucía A.; Brinson, Helen

doi:10.33588/rn.58s01.2013570

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…A slower clock is also plausible in light of several findings relating to dopamine function in ADHD and timing. Both ADHD symptoms and timing ability are associated with the functioning of frontal and limbic regions, and dopamine-rich pathways connecting these regions (De La Fuente et al, 2013; Hart et al, 2012; Konrad & Eickhoff, 2010; Rubia, Alegría, & Brinson, 2014; Wiener et al, 2010). Dopaminergic psychostimulants are known to increase the internal clock’s speed (Allman et al, 2014), are useful in treating ADHD symptoms (MTA Cooperative Group, 2004), normalize activity of brain regions involved in timing, and improve behavioral measures of performance (Rubia et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diffusion-model analysis of timing deficits among children with ADHD.

Shapiro¹,

Huang-Pollock²

2019

Neuropsychology

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Objective: Deficits in the ability to perceive time have been proposed as an etiologic mechanism in the development of the cognitive and behavioral characteristics associated with ADHD. However, previous studies testing the presence of timing deficits have produced idiosyncratic results. This is in large part due to the underutilization of insights from basic timing research, and from the inherent difficulty that arises when a single index of performance (i.e., reaction time [RT] or accuracy) is used to index the health of what is essentially a multiple-component process. The current article utilizes a diffusion model approach to isolate the component processes involved in timing (i.e., internal clock speed, decision-making speed, speed/accuracy trade-off strategies, and nondecision time) using a well-validated timing task. Method: Fifty children with ADHD and 32 non-ADHD controls aged 8–12 completed a temporal bisection procedure. Results: Diffusion model parameters indicated that both the internal clock and decision-making speeds were slower among children with ADHD. However, the strength of evidence for slowed decision making far outweighed evidence for a slower internal clock. Conclusions: Slower evidence accumulation during decision making is domain-general deficit in ADHD. Such slowing is consistent with adaptive-gain theories, which posit that a suboptimal ratio of neural signal-to-noise is characteristic of children with ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diffusion-model analysis of timing deficits among children with ADHD.

Shapiro¹,

Huang-Pollock²

2019

Neuropsychology

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“…Studies have provided consistent evidence of deficits in the prefrontal cortex, caudate, and cerebellum in children with ADHD [34]. These areas are interconnected by network of neurons using dopamine and norepinephrine that have also been implicated in the regulation of growth hormone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Are More Likely to Fail Growth Hormone Stimulation Testing than Children without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Retrospective Chart Review

Tonyushkina¹,

Obi²,

Visintainer³

et al. 2022

Horm Res Paediatr

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Introduction: Children with ADHD often present to pediatric endocrinologists due to growth concerns. Growth hormone stimulation testing (GHST) may be utilized as part of the work up. We evaluate whether children with ADHD and short stature or growth failure are more likely to fail GHST compared to children without ADHD. Methods: We retrospectively studied children who underwent GHST as part of evaluation for short stature and/or growth failure and had an intact pituitary over a 16-year period (2002-2018). We performed univariate and logistic regression analyses with stratification by age. Results: We included 260 children; 78 children had ADHD and were older, mean age (± SD) 12.2 (± 2.6) years vs. children without ADHD, mean age (± SD) 10.4 (± 3.8) years. The population was largely Caucasian and boys outnumbered the girls. Of the children with ADHD, only 9 were not medically treated. There was no difference in Z-scores for height, weight and BMI, or mid-parental height between the two groups. We found that children with ADHD were more likely to fail GHST than children without ADHD across the peak GH cut-offs of 10, 7 and 5 ng/ml (p=0.003, p=0.023, p=0.046 accordingly). The same trend persisted after regression analysis with adjustment for sex and stratification by age and effect was more robust in the older group. Discussion/Conclusion: The results show higher likelihood of lower GH peaks in response to GHST in children with ADHD and short stature or impaired liner growth. Future work should evaluate possible mechanistic explanation and the role of psycho-stimulant medications.

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“…Although the effect of medication was reported in a single fNIRS study, it is in line with MRI studies on acute and longer-term stimulant treatment in ADHD. Stimulant treatment has been consistently associated with upregulation of the right inferior frontal cortex and the basal ganglia, which are the main areas of dysfunction in ADHD (Rubia et al, 2014). Medication for ADHD may vary in its mechanism of action, but the ultimate therapeutic effects are likely to be similar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of English-Speaking Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder During a Verbal Fluency Task

et al. 2023

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Objective: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides direct and quantitative assessment of cortical hemodynamic response. It has been used to identify neurophysiological alterations in medication-naïve adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Hence, this study aimed to distinguish both medication-naïve and medicated adults with ADHD from healthy controls (HC). Method: 75 HCs, 75 medication-naïve, and 45 medicated patients took part in this study. fNIRS signals during a verbal fluency task (VFT) were acquired using a 52-channel system and relative oxy-hemoglobin changes in the prefrontal cortex were quantified. Results: Prefrontal cortex hemodynamic response was lower in patients than HCs (p ≤ ≤.001). Medication-naïve and medicated patients did not differ in hemodynamic response or symptom severity (p > .05). fNIRS measurements were not associated with any clinical variables (p > .05). 75.8% patients and 76% HCs were correctly classified using hemodynamic response. Conclusion: fNIRS may be a potential diagnostic tool for adult ADHD. These findings need to be replicated in larger validation studies.

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Anomalías cerebrales en el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad: una revisión

Cited by 28 publications

References 113 publications

A diffusion-model analysis of timing deficits among children with ADHD.

A diffusion-model analysis of timing deficits among children with ADHD.

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Are More Likely to Fail Growth Hormone Stimulation Testing than Children without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Retrospective Chart Review

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of English-Speaking Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder During a Verbal Fluency Task

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