Anomalous azygos venous system in a south Indian cadaver: a case report

Quadros, Lydia S; Potu, Bhagath Kumar; Guru, Anitha; Pulakunta, Thejodhar; Ray, Bikash Ranjan; Sumalatha, Suhani; Sequeira, Sylvia; Thomas, Huban

doi:10.4076/1757-1626-2-6746

Cited by 6 publications

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References 6 publications

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“…The left azygos venous line makes the superior and inferior Hemi-azygos veins. In the present study, we found that the accessory hemiazygos veins were the most variable veins, in contrast to the previous studies which reported azygos veins as the most variable veins [9,10] and these accessory hemizygous veins might pour into the left brachiocephalic, hemiazygos, or azygos vein. Mostly, the conspicuous 'right-sided azygos vein with few representatives of the hemiazygos veins are present.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Three connected major veins exist in the azygos system, namely, the hemiazygos vein, accessory hemiazygos vein, and azygos vein in the context of CT and MRI of the mediastinum is crucial, as a few of the anomalies of this system could be misinterpreted with various other pathological conditions such as aneurysms, enlarged lymph nodes, and tumors [9]. For a long, researchers have been extensively involved in deciphering the different types of classification of the azygos system [2,10], but still, this topic is a matter of debate and further investigation. Keeping this in view, this study aimed to observe the population-specific changes in the azygos system among the Eastern Indian population.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variations in Azygos Venous System in The Eastern Indian Population: A Cadaveric Study

Mohanty¹,

Panigrahi²,

Upadhyaya³

2022

IJAR

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Background: This study aimed to classify Azygos vein patterns in the Eastern Indian population. Methods: During the routine dissection of MBBS in the 2018–2020 academic year, 20 formalin embalmed cadavers aged 50–70 were used to classify the azygos system. The cadaver’s age was verified by its entry into our institute’s anatomy register. The register confirmed that all cadavers used for dissection were of Indian origin. Though gender was not compared in this study, it was noted for record purposes by identifying the external genitalia and confirming it to the records. These were the exclusion criteria: 1) No major thoracic surgeries; 2) No major thoracic deformities. Azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos veins were also examined. Results: The Anson & McVay system was used to classify the recruited cadavers’ azygos system. The cadavers were classified into Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3. Type 2 was again subdivided into 5 subgroups and Type-3 into2 sub-groups. In one cadaver, Type-1 was observed, 17 cadavers had Type-2 azygos system, and 2 cadavers showed Type-3. Of the 17 cadavers of Type-2, 3 and 7 cadavers had Type-2A and -2B, respectively. Similarly, 4 and 1 cadavers had 2C and 2D patterns, respectively. Also, 2 cadavers showed 2E type. Of the 2 cadavers of Type-3, one was Type -3A and one Type-3B. The termination of the azygos vein vertebral level was between T2 and T4, of the hemiazygos vein was T8 to T11, and accessory hemiazygos veins were between T7 and T10. Conclusion: These variations should be well studied to avoid misinterpretation during radiological investigations and surgical interventions. KEY WORDS: Azygos vein, Hemiazygos vein, Posterior mediastinum, Radiological investigation, Variation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Variations in Azygos Venous System in The Eastern Indian Population: A Cadaveric Study

Mohanty¹,

Panigrahi²,

Upadhyaya³

2022

IJAR

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“…13 Another description is for an incomplete accessory HV with the posterior intercostal veins draining directly to the AV. 14 A large number of studies show the absence of one or more components of the ASV, 5,[14][15][16] although no study has found any variation similar to the one presented in the present article. The HAV is the most variable component of the ASV in terms of absence, number of branches, communications, and level of termination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Anatomical Variation of the Azygos System of Veins - Case Report

Brito¹,

Júnior²,

Gomes³

et al. 2019

J Morphol Sci

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Introduction The azygos system of veins (ASV) is a very variable structure characterized as a communication between the inferior and superior vena cava, having the azygos vein (AV), the hemiazygos vein (HV), and the accessory hemiazygos vein (HAV) as its main components, which are responsible for the mediastinal viscera and for the thoracoabdominal wall drainage. The aim of the present study is to report an anatomical variation found in a male cadaver at the Laboratory of Anatomy of the University Center of UNIFACISA, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Case Report In the posterior mediastinum, the union of the HV, of the HAV, and of the 8th left posterior intercostal vein formed a common trunk at the level of the left 8th intercostal space, crossing the mediastinum posterior to the aorta artery, ending up in the AV, in the right hemithorax. Conclusion The study of the anatomical variations of the ASV is important and will provide knowledge for physicians not to confuse them with pathological processes in imaging exams. Moreover, it can provide safety in surgical approaches of the thorax.

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“…Absence of superior and inferior venae cavae and azygos continuation of inferior vena has been reported. 8 Absence of accessory hemiazygos vein and termination of left 4-7 th posterior intercostal veins into azygos vein has been reported by Quadros et al 9 A case of communication between pulmonary veins and azygos vein has been reported by Lapierre et al 10 Very rarely the azygos vein may terminate in the left superior vena cava. One such variation has been reported by Uemura et al 11 The connection between azygos vein and portal venous system provides the blood flow to the superior vena cava through the esophageal veins in case of portal hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous azygos veins - its embryological basis and clinical significance

Shivanal

2015

Int J Res Med Sci

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INTRODUCTIONThe Greek root zyg refers to a pair. 'A-' means not. Thus, azygos means unpaired. The azygos vein is unpaired in that there is only one in the body, mostly on the right side. While there is the hemiazygos vein and its accessory on the left side of the body, they are considered tributaries of the azygos vein rather than its left-side equivalent.1 The azygos system includes those veins which are straight in course, paravertebral in position, and not accompanied with the corresponding arteries.These veins are provided with valves, and drain most of the blood from the back and from the thoracic and abdominal walls. The azygos system communicates with the vena caval system in front, and with the vertebral venous plexus behind. The terminal veins of this system are the azygos, hemi-azygos and accessory azygos veins. The azygos vein is inconstant in the mode of origin. 2Although there are complete valves in some tributaries of azygos veins, there are usually incomplete valves varying between one and four in the azygos arch. Thus, the azygos vein functions as a collateral for the superior and ABSTRACT Background: The anatomical knowledge of the variability of the azygos venous system is important for the surgical interventions of the posterior mediastinum and also during radiological investigations/diagnosis especially CT and MRI. The variant azygos venous system might be confused with thoracic aorta aneurysms, lymphadenopathy and tumours of posterior mediastinum. Methods: The present study was undertaken on 10 embalmed adult human cadavers irrespective of sex, used for undergraduate dissection from the Department of Anatomy, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya. In this present study, formation, course and termination pattern of azygos system of veins was observed in 10 dissected human cadavers. Out of which 2 cadavers showed different types of variations. Results: In the present study, normal azygos venous system was found in 8 specimens accounting for 80%. Variations were found in 2 specimens (20%); one specimen presented with connection between accessory hemiazygos vein and hemiazygos vein, 3 transverse channels across vertebral column and the other specimen showed absence of accessory hemiazygos vein and shifting of azygos vein towards midline. Conclusions: Accurate knowledge about these kinds of variations is very important to identify, especially in the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of mediastinum. The abnormal azygos venous system may easily be confused with aneurysm, lymphadenopathy and other abnormalities like tumor. It is important to keep these kinds of variations in mind while performing the mediastinal operations or surgery of large vessels.

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Anomalous azygos venous system in a south Indian cadaver: a case report

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Variations in Azygos Venous System in The Eastern Indian Population: A Cadaveric Study

Variations in Azygos Venous System in The Eastern Indian Population: A Cadaveric Study

Anatomical Variation of the Azygos System of Veins - Case Report

Anomalous azygos veins - its embryological basis and clinical significance

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