Anomalous structures of geochemical fields of hydrothermal gold deposits: Formation mechanism, methods of geometrization, typical models, and forecasting of ore mineralization

Ворошилов, В. Г.

doi:10.1134/s1075701509010012

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…At the same time quartzmuscovite-ankerite facies grade to quartz-muscovite. In beresite-ankerite facies progressing along lamprophyre dykes the amount of sercite significantly increases (from 5-10 % to 30 %) from north to south [5,6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up-dated ore composition data (Central ore-field, Kuznetsk Alatau)

et al. 2016

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Applying scanning electron microscope (SEM), energydispersive microanalyzer and X-ray fluorescence microscope the ore mineral composition in Central gold-ore field (Kuznetsk Alatau) was investigated. Eleven new minerals were detected in this ore field. The differentiated behavior of mineral formation stages in veins and nearveined beresites was determined. The composition of native gold was studied, as well as the distribution of trace elements in pyrite.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up-dated ore composition data (Central ore-field, Kuznetsk Alatau)

et al. 2016

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“…Mathematical procedure in geometrizing anomaly geochemical fields has been developed for many years and at present there are 4 methods to implement different approaches in objectively solving this problem [4]: 1) defining quasi-homogeneous spatial regions (cluster analysis observation, artificial neural networks);…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigation of anomaly geochemical field structure accompanying gold -ore deposits was based on V. Voroshilov's method [4]. Geochemical field ranking was performed within the framework of the existing Russian gradation: ore body-deposit-ore field-ore cluster-ore district.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomaly Geochemical Fields in Siberian Hydrothermal Gold Deposits

Ворошилов

Savinova

Ananev

et al. 2014

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract. The composition and internal structure of geochemical fields associated to hydrothermal gold deposits within the Siberian territory were investigated. The concentric zonal structure of ore-forming geochemical fields embracing accumulations of Au, Ag, Bi, Pb, Zn, Cu, Te, As in ore bodies and their adjacent locations, and Ni, Co, V, Cr, Mn, Ba, Tiwithin the external margin of gold ore formations were determined. The thermometric properties of gas-fluid inclusions in minerals of hydrothermal gold deposits were described. The results specified not only high-mineralized but also weakly-salted fluids are involved in the formation of the deposit. The latter is subjected to both retrogressive boiling and the mechanisms of direct and reverse osmosis. In this case, ascending and descending fluids produce eddy fluxes during Earth rotation, where minerals of different composition are formed in this flow path. Produced spiral mineral-geochemical fields can be observed on satellite images as hierarchy circular pattern system. Both the analysis of anomalous geochemical field structure and satellite images make it possible to predict the ore bodies of different grades in complicated landscape geological conditions. IntroductionThe target problem in modern applied geochemistry involves such a fact as the low efficiency of existing geochemical methods used in mineral exploration. The reason is the depletion of easy-todiscover deposits, outcropping as primary and secondary dispersion haloes of tracer-element mineralization. Today, the prospecting of new deposits is being conducted in complicated landscape geological conditions where ore bodies are detectable only at great depths, and associated anomaly geochemical fields outcrop only as fragments, which, in its turn, is difficult to structure without additional information. Personal understanding of a geologist plays the major role in this case. This, however, does not foster reliable results and forecast. Current research is governed by the new geochemical data interpretation methods for mineralization forecasting in complicated landscape geological conditions. Anomaly geochemical fields develop during the formation of thermal fluid oregenerating systems, that is why, additional information on the development of hierarchic geochemical field system is based on the result investigation of gas-fluid inclusions preserved in hydrothermal minerals [1][2][3]. Temperature, composition and fluid salinity varies consistently in time and space, due to such phenomena as retrogressive boiling, direct and reverse osmosis and the blending of juvenile and vadose waters. Fluid migration scale during ore emplacement causes not only significant chemical rock composition alterations, but also changes its physico-mechanical properties. These alterations can be observed in the geochemical field structure and are recorded as line and circular patterns on spectro-zonal satellite images. Circular pattern hierarchy is easily identified within any landscape

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“…The permeability maintained by tectonic movements in this area are crucial for the formation of hydrothermal ore mineralisation (Prokof'ev, 2000) and it was proved that the zonal temperature field is very important for localising hydrothermal mineralisation, giving direct reflection to the anomalous geochemical field. Usually, the hydrothermal gold deposits must be accompanied by a set of chemical elements, whereby they complicate the anomalous structures of geochemical fields (Voroshilov, 2009). Those anomalies associated to hydrothermal deposits undergo transformation in the development stages of hydrothermal ore metasomatic systems.…”

Section: Influence Of Fold and Fault Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of geostatistical analyst methods in discovering concealed gold and pathfinder elements as geochemical anomalies related to ore mineralisation

Lindagato

Yang

et al. 2018

Geologos

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The study area in the West Junggar Basin is known to be rich in hydrothermal gold deposits and occurrences, even though there has been minimum exploration in the area. It is here hypothesised that this area could host more gold deposits if mineral exploration methods were to be reinforced. This research is aimed at identifying geochemical anomalies of Au, and determining possible factors and conditions which facilitate the formation of anomalies by referring to As and Hg as gold pathfinders. Geostatistical analyst techniques have been applied to 9,852 stream sediments and bedrock data collected on a total surface of 1,280 km2 of West Junggar, Xinjiang (northwest China). The kriging interpolation and quantile-quantile plot methods, combined with statistical methods, successfully identified both Au and its pathfinders’ anomalies. In the present study, median was considered as background values (10.2 ppm for As, 9.13 ppb for Hg and 2.5 ppb for Au), whereas the 95th percentile were threshold values (28.03 ppm for As, 16.71 ppb for Hg and 8.2 ppb for Au) and values greater than thresholds are geochemical anomalies. Moreover, the high concentrations of these three discovered elements are caused primarily by hydrothermal ore mineralisation and are found to be controlled mainly by the Hatu and Sartohay faults of a northeast-southwesterly direction as well as their related secondary faults of variable orientation, which facilitate the easy flow of hydrothermal fluids towards the surface resulting in the formation of geochemical anomalies. Most of anomalies concentration of Au are found near the mining sites, which indicates that the formation of new Au anomalies is influenced by current or previous mining sites through geological or weathering processes. In addition, the low concentration of gold and its pathfinders found far from active gold mine or faults indicates that those anomalies are formed due to primary dispersion of hosting rock.

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Anomalous structures of geochemical fields of hydrothermal gold deposits: Formation mechanism, methods of geometrization, typical models, and forecasting of ore mineralization

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Up-dated ore composition data (Central ore-field, Kuznetsk Alatau)

Up-dated ore composition data (Central ore-field, Kuznetsk Alatau)

Anomaly Geochemical Fields in Siberian Hydrothermal Gold Deposits

Application of geostatistical analyst methods in discovering concealed gold and pathfinder elements as geochemical anomalies related to ore mineralisation

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