Anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous pathways diagnosed in utero by ultrasound.

Abstract

Anomalies of systemic and pulmonary venous return are found as either isolated lesions or as part of a complex cardiac malformation. Specifically, these venous pathway malformations are associated frequently with the cardiac defects in asplenia or polysplenia. This report describes the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of both anomalous pulmonary and systemic venous drainage in three late gestation fetuses with a splenic syndrome and complex congenital heart disease. In addition, the utility of color-flow Doppler as an aid in making the diagnosis is emphasized.

Partial and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in the fetus: two‐dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic findings

“…The diagnosis of anomalous PV connection can be made accurately after birth by combining two‐dimensional echocardiography with color Doppler mapping20–22. However, only a few papers and case reports have described successful prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC and PAPVC8, 10, 11. This retrospective study performed in a larger cohort of affected pregnancies demonstrates that the presence of an anomalous PV connection can be identified by targeted fetal echocardiography and provides important 2D and spectral Doppler echocardiographic clues to the diagnosis.…”

“…Only a few papers, mostly case reports, have described prenatal diagnosis of an anomalous PV connection7–11. The low incidence of PV anomalies in fetal series may reflect the difficulty in detecting them in utero 12.…”

In utero diagnosis of obstructed supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a patient with right atrial isomerism and asplenia

“…Fetal echocardiography is a reliable technique for prenatal diagnosis of cardiac defects as early as the late first trimester and early second trimester. Complex cardiac malformations, including those of atrial isomerism, have been delineated accurately in several series [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . We report here a case in which the diagnosis of supracardiac obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection along with a complex congenital cardiac disease was made accurately by fetal echocardiography at 22 weeks of gestation.…”

Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection and Complex Congenital Heart Disease

“…There are studies reporting accurate prenatal diagnosis of complex CHD including visceral heterotaxy with anomalies of pulmonary venous connections. [4][5][6][7] We actively look for anomalies of pulmonary venous connections especially in fetuses with right isomerism. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine echocardiographic clues in making the diagnosis of totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), (2) to determine the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC and assessing for obstructed TAPVC, and (3) to assess the outcome of cases with and without complex CHD with TAPVC diagnosed parentally.…”