“…The literature amply demonstrates that the prevalence of such behaviour does not appear to respect organisational boundaries, having been studied in a diverse range of settings including school principals (Bergman et al , 2011); health care and social services industry (Volmer et al , 2016); undergraduate students (DeShong et al , 2015); graduate business students (Harlos, 2010); MBA graduates (Dean et al , 2010); marketing managers (Jaworski and Young, 1992); manufacturing, professional/technical, education, emergency services and administrative groups (Michalak et al , 2018); financial institutions and public service organisations (Mathieu et al , 2014); banking, information technology and fashion retailers (Cugueró-Escofet and Rosanas, 2017); information and communication technologies (Väyrynen and Laari-Salmela, 2018); and marketing managers (Saini and Krush, 2008). These studies, although by no means exhaustive, provide clear examples of the detrimental outcomes that dysfunctional behaviour typically invokes and underscores the importance and pervasiveness of this problem across sectors, industries and organisations generally.…”