Anophelines in the state of Acre, Brazil, infected with Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, the variant P. vivax VK247 and P. malariae

Abstract

Anophelines collected indoors and in the peri-domiciliary area in 3 localities in the Amazon region, state of Acre, Brazil, from August 1990 to January 1991 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the repeats of the circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. vivax V247, and P. malariae. Of the 3056 specimens collected, 2610 were Anopheles oswaldoi, 362 A. deaneorum, 60 A. triannulatus and 24 were A. darlingi. The infection rates of A. oswaldoi were 3.41% for P. falciparum, 2.26% for P. vivax, 1.22 for P. vivax VK247, and 0.42% for P. malariae. For A. deaneorum, the infection rates were 2.76% for P. falciparum, 0.55% for P. vivax, and 0.82% for P. vivax VK247. All samples of the other 2 species collected (A. triannulatus and A. darlingi) were negative in the ELISA. There were certain differences in the anopheline distribution and infection rates between these localities, and in one only A. oswaldoi was found to be infected. These results strongly point to A. oswaldoi as the main malaria vector in the region. No difference was found between the potential vectors of P. vivax and P. vivax VK247. The significance of these findings for malaria control is discussed.

Malaria Reemergence in the Peruvian Amazon Region

“…Paralleling the malaria epidemic has been an increase in the highly competent and anthropophilic malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi, the principal P. falciparum vector in the Brazilian Amazon (7,8). An.…”

A survey of the Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Acre And Purus Rivers, Amazon Basin, Brazil

“…darlingi, A. rangeli and A. oswaldoi, have been implicated in the transmission of malaria in the Amazon Basin (Arruda et al, 1986;Deane, 1986;Zimmerman, 1992;Branquinho et al, 1993). A. albitarsis is a species complex (Wilkerson et al, 1995) and only one other member of this complex, A. deaneorum, can be separated by morphological characteristics (Rosa-Freitas, 1989).…”

The Anopheles albitarsis complex with the recognition of Anopheles oryzalimnetes Wilkerson and Motoki, n. sp. and Anopheles janconnae Wilkerson and Sallum, n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…In An. deaneorum, monoclonal antibodies for circumsporozoite proteins gave the following positive results: P. falciparum, 2.76%; P. vivax, 0.55%; P. vivax VK247, 0.82%; and Plasmodium malariae, 0.0% (Branquinho et al 1993). Also, P. vivax-like parasites were reported from two out of 168 An.…”