Anorectal melanoma

Stefanou, Amalia

doi:10.1053/j.scrs.2015.01.007

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…First, wide local excision (WLE) is often considered a procedure of choice because of the high morbidity and mortality rates and lack of survival advantage of APR. 1,10,11 Second, APR can improve locoregional control rates, which can improve prognosis. Because WLE has less morbidity than APR and avoids the necessity of colostomy, most authors consider it as the first choice of treatment for anorectal malignant melanoma when it is technically feasible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because WLE has less morbidity than APR and avoids the necessity of colostomy, most authors consider it as the first choice of treatment for anorectal malignant melanoma when it is technically feasible. 1,10,11 Nevertheless, although studies have shown that WLE provides a better quality of life, neither WLE nor APR provides a survival benefit. 1,10,11 One study showed that WLE of anorectal melanoma can result in increased local recurrence compared with APR; however, these results have not been duplicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,10,11 Nevertheless, although studies have shown that WLE provides a better quality of life, neither WLE nor APR provides a survival benefit. 1,10,11 One study showed that WLE of anorectal melanoma can result in increased local recurrence compared with APR; however, these results have not been duplicated. 12 Furthermore, it has been shown that in patients with stage IV disease, such as our case patient, APR can reduce bleeding or colonic obstruction, resulting in improved quality of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Furthermore, it has been shown that in patients with stage IV disease, such as our case patient, APR can reduce bleeding or colonic obstruction, resulting in improved quality of life. 11 Because of the fact that many patients present with late disease involving the sigmoid colon, an APR appears to be an appropriate choice in treating synchronous primary anorectal melanoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchronous Primary Anorectal Melanoma and Sigmoid Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

Lim

Foulger

Avramovic

et al. 2015

International Surgery

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Synchronous primary anorectal melanoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma is extremely rare, with only 5 cases reported in the literature. Here, a case is reported and the currently available literature is summarized. A 72-year-old white male presented with changes in his bowel habits and unintentional weight loss. Colonoscopy revealed a polypoid mass in the distal rectum extending to the anal verge anteriorly and a circumferential polypoid mass in the distal sigmoid colon. Biopsies were taken, which revealed poorly differentiated melanoma of the anorectal mass and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid mass with nodal involvement. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed liver metastasis. An extended abdominoperineal resection was undertaken for palliation, relief of symptoms, and definitive histology to guide further management. Consequently, a resection of the hepatic metastasis was attempted; however, macroscopic deposits were discovered on 7 of 8 liver segments perioperatively. He was subsequently referred to medical oncology for palliative chemotherapy. Synchronous primary anorectal melanoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma is rare, this being the sixth report found in the literature. In summary of the available cases, all synchronous cancers were located in the rectosigmoid and had very similar presentations. Most presented relatively late and were generally treated with abdominoperineal resection, which appears to be the best treatment option. Overall, prognosis appears to be dismal. General and colorectal surgeons should always be aware of the possibilities of simultaneous primary cancers because this can affect treatment modalities and prognosis for the patient.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchronous Primary Anorectal Melanoma and Sigmoid Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

Lim

Foulger

Avramovic

et al. 2015

International Surgery

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“…Colonic lesions can be treated with segmental resection, but controversy exists in the treatment of anal lesions. There have been multiple investigations comparing the need for local excision or abdominal perineal resection (APR) and there appears to be no significant benefit of aggressive excision [5]. In one such report from Memorial Sloan-Kettering in New York, the authors reported their 64-year experience in treating anorectal melanoma [6].…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

85-Year-Old Male with New Onset Melena

D¹

2018

Int J Surg Res Pract

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Amelanotic Melanoma—Biochemical and Molecular Induction Pathways

Misiąg,

Molik,

Kisielewska

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Amelanotic melanoma (AM) is a subtype of hypomelanotic or completely amelanotic melanoma. AM is a rare subtype of melanoma that exhibits a higher recurrence rate and aggressiveness as well as worse surveillance than typical melanoma. AM shows a dysregulation of melanin production, cell cycle control, and apoptosis pathways. Knowing these pathways has an application in medicine due to targeted therapies based on the inhibiting elements of the abovementioned pathways. Therefore, we summarized and discussed AM biochemical and molecular induction pathways and personalized medicine approaches, clinical management, and future directions due to the fact that AM is relatively rare. AM is commonly misdiagnosed. Hence, the role of biomarkers is becoming significant. Nonetheless, there is a shortage of biomarkers specific to AM. BRAF, NRAS, and c-KIT genes are the main targets of therapy. However, the role of BRAF and KIT in AM varied among studies. BRAF inhibitors combined with MAK inhibitors demonstrate better results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 combined with a programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) show better outcomes than separately. Fecal microbiota transplantation may overcome resistance to immune checkpoint therapy of AM. Immune-modulatory vaccines against indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and PD ligand (PD-L1) combined with nivolumab may be efficient in melanoma treatment.

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Anorectal melanoma

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Synchronous Primary Anorectal Melanoma and Sigmoid Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

Synchronous Primary Anorectal Melanoma and Sigmoid Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

85-Year-Old Male with New Onset Melena

Amelanotic Melanoma—Biochemical and Molecular Induction Pathways

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