Anorectic sibutramine detected in a Chinese herbal drug for weight loss

Jung, Julia; Hermanns-Clausen, Maren; Weinmann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.052

Cited by 101 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Adulteration is an exemplary repercussion of such laxity. Well documented are instances of diuretics, stimulants, anorectics, or oxidative uncouplers contained in weight loss supplements [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74], steroids in performance enhancers [75][76][77][78][79][80], and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors contained within male enhancement products [72,74,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93]. At least nine people died in Sweden following exposure to Kratom adulterated with Odesmethyltramadol, a potent opioid analgesic.…”

Section: Supplement Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products with 7-Hydroxymitragynine

et al. 2016

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Introduction Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a plant native to Southeast Asia, has been used for centuries for its stimulant and opium-like effects. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, exclusive to M. speciosa, are the alkaloids primary responsible for Kratom's biologic and psychoactive profile, and likely contribute to its problematic use. We purchased several commercially available Kratom analogs for analysis and through our results, present evidence of probable adulteration with the highly potent and addictive plant alkaloid, 7-hydroxymitragynine. Methods A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine in methanol extract of marketed Kratom supplements. Results We found multiple commercial Kratom products to have concentrations of 7-hydroxymitragynine that are substantially higher than those found in raw M. speciosa leaves. Conclusions We have found multiple packaged commercial Kratom products likely to contain artificially elevated concentrations of 7-hydroxymitragynine, the alkaloid responsible for M. speciosa's concerning mechanistic and side effect profile. This study describes a unique form of product adulteration, which stresses the importance of increased dietary supplement oversight of Kratom-containing supplements.

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Section: Supplement Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products with 7-Hydroxymitragynine

et al. 2016

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“…Sibutramine has been found in products advertised as 'pure herbal' slimming capsules and 'natural' tea. [22][23][24] Urinary metabolites of sibutramine were found in detectable quantities 50 hours after administration of a single 'dose' of tea to a volunteer. [24] This synthetic anorectic drug, which only has market approval as a prescription anti-obesity agent, has been on the WADA prohibited list since 2006.…”

Section: Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrinementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplements containing prohibited substances: A review (Part 1)

Bijl

2014

S Afr J SM

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Dietary supplements and chemical agents have been used for a number of decades among athletes striving to achieve increased strength and performance. This has led to a huge, growing market for the food supplement industry. The latter’s products are classified as ‘foods’ rather than drugs and are therefore free of the stringent requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals, i.e. no safety and efficacy data are required prior to registration. During the past decade, some dietary supplements have been shown to contain pharmaceutically active components not adequately identified on their package labels. These pharmaceuticals may have unintentionally entered the product or may have been intentionally added. Although the concentrations of these substances may be low and devoid of health or performance-enhancing effects, they may lead to positive doping tests. In Part 1 of this two-part review, a selection of the World Anti-Doping Agency-prohibited illegal stimulants, i.e. ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, sibutramine and methylhexaneamine, are discussed. Certain food supplement labels do mention the presence of natural sources of illegal stimulants, e.g. Ephedra sinica (ephedrine), but do not refer to the chemical entities of ephedrine and its analogues as such. The pharmacological adverse effects of stimulants, in particular those on the cardiovascular system, are briefly reviewed. Suggestions for avoiding these pitfalls are made.

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“…The problems with sibutramine were also reported in Japan and Taiwan [25,26]. Sibutramine, as mentioned previously, is a drug that has been intentionally added to slimming products as an appetite suppressant [27]. This was extremely popular in HMPs until it was banned in both Europe and the United States in 2010 for its potential cardiovascular risks or even strokes [28,29].…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Untitled

2016

Planta Med

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Anorectic sibutramine detected in a Chinese herbal drug for weight loss

Cited by 101 publications

References 11 publications

Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products with 7-Hydroxymitragynine

Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products with 7-Hydroxymitragynine

Dietary supplements containing prohibited substances: A review (Part 1)

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