Anorexia Nervosa: Current Perspectives in Research

Rockwell, W. J. Kenneth; Nishita, Ken; Ellinwood, Everett H.

doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30761-5

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This is the basis for the use of marijuana or synthetic formulations of the active ingredient, D 9 -THC (dronabinol) for the treatment of anorexia associated weight loss in patients with AIDS, (Beal et al, 1995(Beal et al, , 1997 and cancer-related anorexiacachexia syndrome (Nauck and Klaschik, 2004;Strasser et al, 2006). Although several classes of drugs including cannabinoids, (Corey, 2005;Rockwell et al, 1984;Volicer et al, 1997) have been tried as therapy for anorexia nervosa, to date no medication, alone or in combination with other therapies, has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of the primary disorder (Israel, 2005). However, anorexia, marked by decreased food intake has been reported as one of the withdrawal effects in over 50% of individuals who smoke marijuana repeatedly through out the day, 6-7 days per week in laboratory and clinical studies (Haney et al, 2008;Horcajadas, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonsynonymous polymorphism in cannabinoid CB2 receptor gene is associated with eating disorders in humans and food intake is modified in mice by its ligands

Ishiguro

Carpio

Horiuchi

et al. 2010

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Marijuana use activates cannabinoid receptors (CB-Rs) producing several behavioral effects related to addiction, mood, and appetite. We investigated the association between CNR2 gene, which encodes cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2-R) and eating disorders in 204 subjects with eating disorders and 1876 healthy volunteers in Japanese population. The effect of treatment with CB2-R ligands on mouse food consumption was also determined. The CB2-R ligands used suppressed food intake in a time-and strain-dependent manner when food was available ad libitum and during the 12-h fast except, AM 630-the CB2-R antagonist that stimulated food consumption in food-deprived mice. There is an association between the R63Q polymorphism of the CNR2 gene and eating disorders (P 5 0.04; Odds ratio 1.24, 95% CI, (1.01-1.53). These results suggest that cannabinoid CB2-R is involved in the endocannabinoid signaling mechanisms associated with the regulation of food intake and in eating disorders. Synapse 64:92-96, 2010. V

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonsynonymous polymorphism in cannabinoid CB2 receptor gene is associated with eating disorders in humans and food intake is modified in mice by its ligands

Ishiguro

Carpio

Horiuchi

et al. 2010

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“…This illness frequently becomes chronic, leading to disability from starvation, and an estimated 10% of patients die of medical complications of chronic undernutrition (Borson & Raton, 1981). In chronic cases, no treatment or combination of treatments has been shown to be consistently effective (Agras & Kraemer, 1984;Rockwell, Nishita, & Ellinwood, 1984). Bruch (1973), Crisp (1984), and others (Minuchin, Rosman, & Baker, 1978;Palazzoli, 1978) have emphasized the role of maturational conflicts, abnormal family relationships, voluntary food refusal, and altered body image in the initiation of anorectic behavior.…”

Section: Anorexia Nervosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Learned food aversion: A component of anorexia syndromes.

Bernstein¹,

Borson²

1986

Psychological Review

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Several syndromes that have been characterized in terms of anorexia or appetite loss may actually be due, at least in part, to specific food aversion learning. Evidence reviewed here indicates that a number of experimental treatments, such as tumor implant and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, that lead to anorexia in laboratory animals also lead to the development of specific aversions to the single available diet. These aversions appear to be responsible for a significant proportion of the ensuing reduction in food intake and body weight. The case for learned food aversions as a contributing factor in clinical problems of appetite loss is more speculative. However, there are certain clinical situations that provide the expected conditions for significant food aversion learning. A careful examination of dietary patterns of patients with these disorders is proposed as a first step toward evaluating the hypothesis that aversion learning is involved in the etiology or maintenance of clinically important anorexia.The physiological mechanisms regulating food intake have been the focus of productive investigation over the past two decades. One goal of this research has been to enhance our understanding of basic mechanisms of energy regulation and to apply this knowledge to the treatment of clinical disorders of appetite. Much of this work has been directed at identifying the causes of obesity and developing effective treatments. However, the loss of appetite and weight is also a significant and prevalent medical problem that arises in a wide variety of clinical situations. There has, to date, been relatively little success in understanding the pathophysiology of serious appetite and weight loss, and treatment has depended on relatively drastic measures such as prolonged intravenous or intragastric feeding. Interventions grounded in an understanding of the mechanisms by which undernutrition develops could, in theory, offer promise of improved outcome.In general, the study of the physiological mechanisms responsible for the regulation of appetite has delimited one research domain. A separate line of inquiry has been the study of conditioned taste aversions, with an emphasis on defining basic Pavlovian conditioning mechanisms (Barker, Best, & Domjan, 1977). Because these two areas of investigation differ markedly in focus, there has been relatively little interchange between them. However, in both types of studies, a change in ingestive behavior in response to an experimental manipulation is the main dependent variable. Therefore, it is reasonable to explore the potential contribution of taste aversion learning to the development of appetite and weight loss.In this article we will argue that several syndromes character-

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Hypothermia and abnormalities in thermoregulation in patients with anorexia nervosa

Nishita

Knopes²,

Ellinwood

et al. 1986

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

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Hypothermia and other persisting disturbances in thermoregulation among weight‐recovered anorexia nervosa patients are reviewed. Possible neurobiological mechanisms that might explain these clinical features are presented along with evidence supporting the hypothesis that an increase in nonshivering thermogenesis and an underlying autonomic nervous system imbalance may contribute to the persistence of certain abnormal thermo‐regulatory responses to cold in anorectics.

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Anorexia Nervosa: Current Perspectives in Research

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

A nonsynonymous polymorphism in cannabinoid CB2 receptor gene is associated with eating disorders in humans and food intake is modified in mice by its ligands

A nonsynonymous polymorphism in cannabinoid CB2 receptor gene is associated with eating disorders in humans and food intake is modified in mice by its ligands

Learned food aversion: A component of anorexia syndromes.

Hypothermia and abnormalities in thermoregulation in patients with anorexia nervosa

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