Anorexia nervosa: Selective processing of food‐related word and pictorial stimuli in recognition and free recall tests

Nikendei, Christoph; Weisbrod, Matthias; Schild, Sandra; Bender, Stephan; Walther, Stephan; Herzog, Wolfgang; Zipfel, Stephan; Friederich, Hans Christoph

doi:10.1002/eat.20518

Cited by 21 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, our interpretation of an approach bias is supported by studies that used different experimental paradigms that are not relying on word categorisation. Thus, Nikendei et al 31 assessed memory bias for food-related words and found that normal-weight controls under a fasting condition are faster in responding to food-associated words than neutral words in a word recognition test. In addition, in a recent study, Giel et al 32 assessed initial orienting and the maintenance of attention to food-associated pictures using an eye-tracking system and found Note: obese participants and normal-weight controls did not differ significantly with regard to theses measures; in congruent trials the dot replaced a food-associated picture whereas in incongruent trials it replaced a control picture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of inhibitory control in response to food-associated cues and attentional bias of obese participants and normal-weight controls

et al. 2011

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OBJECTIVE: Starting from a model of impaired response inhibition and salience attribution for addictive behaviour we investigated whether obese participants show a greater impairment of inhibitory control in response to food-associated cues compared with neutral stimuli and whether this is seen in normal-weight control subjects. In addition, we questioned whether an attentional bias towards food-associated cues can be observed in an early stage of information processing. DESIGN: Control-group study including the administration of behavioural tasks (that is, go/no-go task with food-associated and neutral words, visual dot probe task with food-associated and neutral pictures) and self-reported measures of eating behaviour and impulsivity. RESULTS: Although self-reported measures indicated disinhibition of eating behaviour of obese patients, we found that foodassociated stimuli induced an impairment of inhibitory control in both obese participants as well as normal-weight controls.Results from the visual dot-probe task indicated that food-associated cues did not modulate attention allocation in a very early stage of information processing, which suggests that the incentive salience of food-associated stimuli might be lower than that of drug-associated cues. CONCLUSION: These findings are not in line with hypotheses derived from models of addictive behaviour and call into question that an impairment of inhibitory control in response to food-associated cues and salience attribution might be at the core of obesity. Future studies using larger sample sizes and refined experimental procedures are warranted to further investigate mechanisms controlling food intake in obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of inhibitory control in response to food-associated cues and attentional bias of obese participants and normal-weight controls

et al. 2011

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“…49 Evidence from Performance Data (Table 3) By integrating food stimuli, several studies have adapted experimental procedures addressing cognitive functions when investigating EDs. Two research groups assessed the ability to memorize, 51,53 while Stormark and Torkildsen 56 used a pictorial modification of the Stroop color-naming task. In the original Stroop task, the font color of a word, which is sometimes incongruent with the meaning of the word, must be correctly named as quickly as possible.…”

Section: Pictorial Food Stimuli and Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31][32][33]49,50 Thus, the validity of patients' reported differential reactions to positive and negative food stimuli may be limited. The two studies focusing on memory function found no food stimuli 51,53 effects. Dickson et al 51 could not confirm their initial hypothesis that AN patients would show impairments in task performance specifically when disorder-relevant food pictures were involved.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…Concerning the ability to recognize or recall pictorial food cues, Nikendei et al 53 found no differences between AN patients and healthy comparison groups. In the working memory task used by Dickson et al, 51 participants were supposed to be distracted from recalling letters by interspersed food, neutral and aversive pictures.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…61 On the other hand, other studies reviewed have not found overall performance deficits in patients compared to healthy controls. [52][53][54][55][56] This could though depend on the task's complexity.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Processing of pictorial food stimuli in patients with eating disorders—A systematic review

Giel¹,

Teufel²,

Friederich

et al. 2011

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Childhood trauma and negative memory bias as shared risk factors for psychopathology and comorbidity in a naturalistic psychiatric patient sample

et al. 2017

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BackgroundBoth childhood trauma and negative memory bias are associated with the onset and severity level of several psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Studies on these risk factors, however, generally use homogeneous noncomorbid samples. Hence, studies in naturalistic psychiatric samples are lacking. Moreover, we know little about the quantitative relationship between the frequency of traumatic childhood events, strength of memory bias and number of comorbid psychiatric disorders; the latter being an index of severity. The current study examined the association of childhood trauma and negative memory bias with psychopathology in a large naturalistic psychiatric patient sample.MethodsFrequency of traumatic childhood events (emotional neglect, psychological‐, physical‐ and sexual abuse) was assessed using a questionnaire in a sample of 252 adult psychiatric patients with no psychotic or bipolar‐I disorder and no cognitive disorder as main diagnosis. Patients were diagnosed for DSM‐IV Axis‐I and Axis‐II disorders using a structured clinical interview. This allowed for the assessment of comorbidity between disorders. Negative memory bias for verbal stimuli was measured using a computer task.ResultsLinear regression models revealed that the frequency of childhood trauma as well as negative memory bias was positively associated with psychiatric comorbidity, separately and above and beyond each other (all p < .01).ConclusionsThe results indicate that childhood trauma and negative memory bias may be of importance for a broader spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses, besides the frequently studied affective disorders. Importantly, frequently experiencing traumatic events during childhood increases the risk of comorbid psychiatric disorders.

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Anorexia nervosa: Selective processing of food‐related word and pictorial stimuli in recognition and free recall tests

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

Impairment of inhibitory control in response to food-associated cues and attentional bias of obese participants and normal-weight controls

Impairment of inhibitory control in response to food-associated cues and attentional bias of obese participants and normal-weight controls

Processing of pictorial food stimuli in patients with eating disorders—A systematic review

Childhood trauma and negative memory bias as shared risk factors for psychopathology and comorbidity in a naturalistic psychiatric patient sample

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