Anoxia and high primary production in the Paleogene central Arctic Ocean: First detailed records from Lomonosov Ridge

Stein, Rüdiger; Boucsein, Bettina; Meyer, Hanno

doi:10.1029/2006gl026776

Cited by 126 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The highest concentrations (up to 14%) occur in the lower part of the short, lower Miocene "zebra" subunit (1/5), a few meters below the abrupt change into ventilated conditions, which was initiated by a critical tectonic threshold during the early Miocenethe opening of the Fram Strait [46]. Judging from ratios of carbon and sulfur concentrations, Stein et al [47] concluded that euxinic conditions began shortly after the PETM event and lasted Throughout the, ca. 10 Myr long early to middle Eocene interval.…”

Section: Paleoceanographic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, this event had been suggested by [47] based on δ13C data generated from organic matter. Sluijs et al [58] employed XRF scans to demonstrate cyclic variations in element concentrations in sediments older than ETM2.…”

Section: Paleoceanographic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The middle Eocene ACEX sediments have dark grey to black colour because of elevated concentrations (1-5%) of organic carbon [47]. The highest concentrations (up to 14%) occur in the lower part of the short, lower Miocene "zebra" subunit (1/5), a few meters below the abrupt change into ventilated conditions, which was initiated by a critical tectonic threshold during the early Miocenethe opening of the Fram Strait [46].…”

Section: Paleoceanographic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACEX was featured on the cover of Nature in its June 1st (2006) issue, showing the IBCAO bathymetric map of the Lomonosov Ridge and adjacent basins [45]. A fifth Nature paper was subsequently published [46] in addition to three peer-reviewed ACEX related publications which fo- cus on the geochemistry were presented [47][48][49]. A second wave of ACEX publications appeared in 2008 and started with an article in Nature Geoscience on the influence of brine formation on Arctic Ocean Intermediate Water circulation during the past 15 million years [50].…”

Section: Overview Of Acex Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[58] the presence of the dinoflagellate cyst species Cerodinium wardenense. In the ACEX record, the ETM2 event was first proposed by [47] based on a carbon isotope study on bulk organic material. Finally, the oldest sediments recovered were formed during Late Cretaceous (Campanian) times according to dinoflagellate cyst assemblages.…”

Section: The Recovered Sediment Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expanding the Cenozoic paleoceanographic record in the Central Arctic Ocean: IODP Expedition 302 Synthesis

Backman

Moran

2009

Open Geosciences

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Abstract:The Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) proved to be one of the most transformational missions in almost 40 year of scientific ocean drilling. ACEX recovered the first Cenozoic sedimentary sequence from the Arctic Ocean and extended earlier piston core records from ∼1.5 Ma back to ∼56 Ma. The results have had a major impact in paleoceanography even though the recovered sediments represents only 29% of Cenozoic time. The missing time intervals were primarily the result of two unexpected hiatuses. This important Cenozoic paleoceanographic record was reconstructed from a total of 339 m sediments. The wide range of analyses conducted on the recovered material, along with studies that integrated regional tectonics and geophysical data, produced surprising results including high Arctic Ocean surface water temperatures and a hydrologically active climate during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), the occurrence of a fresher water Arctic in the Eocene, ice-rafted debris as old as middle Eocene, a middle Eocene environment rife with organic carbon, and ventilation of the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic through the Fram Strait near the early-middle Miocene boundary. Taken together, these results have transformed our view of the Cenozoic Arctic Ocean and its role in the Earth climate system.

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Section: Paleoceanographic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paleoceanographic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paleoceanographic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Acex Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Recovered Sediment Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expanding the Cenozoic paleoceanographic record in the Central Arctic Ocean: IODP Expedition 302 Synthesis

Backman

Moran

2009

Open Geosciences

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The spread of marine anoxia on the northern Tethys margin during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

et al. 2014

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Records of the paleoenvironmental changes that occurred during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) are preserved in sedimentary rocks along the margins of the former Tethys Ocean and Peri-Tethys. This paper presents new geochemical data that constrain paleoproductivity, sediment delivery, and seawater redox conditions, from three sites that were located in the Peri-Tethys region. Trace and major element, iron speciation, and biomarker data indicate that water column anoxia was established during episodes when inputs of land-derived higher plant organic carbon and highly weathered detrital clays and silts became relatively higher. Anoxic conditions are likely to have been initially caused by two primary processes: (i) oxygen consumption by high rates of marine productivity, initially stimulated by the rapid delivery of terrestrially derived organic matter and nutrients, and (ii) phosphorus regeneration from seafloor sediments. The role of the latter process requires further investigation before its influence on the spread of deoxygenated seawater during the PETM can be properly discerned. Other oxygen-forcing processes, such as temperature/salinity-driven water column stratification and/or methane oxidation, are considered to have been relatively less important in the study region. Organic carbon enrichments occur only during the initial stages of the PETM as defined by the negative carbon isotope excursions at each site. The lack of observed terminal stage organic carbon enrichment does not support a link between PETM climate recovery and the sequestration of excess atmospheric CO 2 as organic carbon in this region; such a feedback may, however, have been important in the early stages of the PETM.

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I/Ca evidence for upper ocean deoxygenation during the PETM

et al. 2014

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Anthropogenic global warming affects marine ecosystems in complex ways, and declining ocean oxygenation is a growing concern. Forecasting the geographical and bathymetric extent, rate, and intensity of future deoxygenation and its effects on oceanic biota, however, remains highly challenging because of the complex feedbacks in the Earth-ocean biota system. Information on past global warming events such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM,~55.5 Ma), a potential analog for present and future global warming, may help in such forecasting. Documenting past ocean deoxygenation, however, is hampered by the lack of sensitive proxies for past oceanic oxygen levels throughout the water column. As yet no evidence has been presented for pervasive deoxygenation in the upper water column through expansion of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). We apply a novel proxy for paleoredox conditions, the iodine to calcium ratio (I/Ca) in bulk coarse fraction sediment and planktonic foraminiferal tests from pelagic sites in different oceans, and compared our reconstruction with modeled oxygen levels. The reconstructed iodate gradients indicate that deoxygenation occurred in the upper water column in the Atlantic, Indian Oceans, and possibly the Pacific Ocean, as well during the PETM, due to vertical and potentially lateral expansion of OMZs.

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Anoxia and high primary production in the Paleogene central Arctic Ocean: First detailed records from Lomonosov Ridge

Cited by 126 publications

References 31 publications

Expanding the Cenozoic paleoceanographic record in the Central Arctic Ocean: IODP Expedition 302 Synthesis

Expanding the Cenozoic paleoceanographic record in the Central Arctic Ocean: IODP Expedition 302 Synthesis

The spread of marine anoxia on the northern Tethys margin during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

I/Ca evidence for upper ocean deoxygenation during the PETM

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