Anoxia-induced changes in optimal substrate for peripheral nerve

Stecker, Michael S.; Stevenson, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.048

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Refined versions of the ANLSH assert that lactate is produced by astrocytes, and possibly active neurons, and is released into a lactate pool that is eventually used as energy substrate by neurons at rest or during active state (Baltan, 2015). A functional intercellular lactate shuttle, commonly called ANLSH in the CNS, exists in multiple CNS regions (Magistretti et al, 1994; Wender et al, 2000; Baltan, 2015), along with muscle (Gladden, 2004) and potentially peripheral nerve (Vega et al, 1998; Brown et al, 2012; Evans et al, 2013; Stecker and Stevenson, 2015; Hu et al, 2017). Lactate serves as a critical energy substrate for axons, especially long axons, to meet the metabolic needs of transport and signal transduction.…”

Section: Fuels To Neural Cells: Glucose Its “By-product” Lactate Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growing evidence suggests that lactate is an effective energy source for the peripheral nerves as well, and the lactate shuttle between glial and neurons has been demonstrated in the peripheral nervous system (Vega et al, 1998; Brown et al, 2012; Evans et al, 2013; Stecker and Stevenson, 2015; Hu et al, 2017). These studies have primarily used intact ex-vivo preparations of peripheral nerves.…”

Section: Fuels To Neural Cells: Glucose Its “By-product” Lactate Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glia-neuron energy metabolism in health and diseases: New insights into the role of nervous system metabolic transporters

Jha

Morrison

2018

Experimental Neurology

146

102

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The brain is, by weight, only 2% the volume of the body and yet it consumes about 20% of the total glucose, suggesting that the energy requirements of the brain are high and that glucose is the primary energy source for the nervous system. Due to this dependence on glucose, brain physiology critically depends on the tight regulation of glucose transport and its metabolism. Glucose transporters ensure efficient glucose uptake by neural cells and contribute to the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Despite this, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that for the maintenance of several neuronal functions, lactate, rather than glucose, is the preferred energy metabolite in the nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters play a crucial role in providing metabolic support to axons by functioning as the principal transporters for lactate in the nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters are also critical for axonal myelination and regeneration. Most importantly, recent studies have demonstrated the central role of glial cells in brain energy metabolism. A close and regulated metabolic conversation between neurons and both astrocytes and oligodendroglia in the central nervous system, or Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, has recently been shown to be an important determinant of the metabolism and function of the nervous system. This article reviews the current understanding of the long existing controversies regarding energy substrate and utilization in the nervous system and discusses the role of metabolic transporters in health and diseases of the nervous system.

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Section: Fuels To Neural Cells: Glucose Its “By-product” Lactate Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuels To Neural Cells: Glucose Its “By-product” Lactate Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glia-neuron energy metabolism in health and diseases: New insights into the role of nervous system metabolic transporters

Jha

Morrison

2018

Experimental Neurology

146

102

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“…). Although there are several studies relating to metabolism of sciatic nerve A fibres (Stecker & Stevenson, , ), there is a complete lack of equivalent C fibre studies, no doubt due to the very small amplitude of the response, and the difficulty in achieving robust, reliable recordings. This limits basic understanding of C fibre metabolism, hampering insights into the metabolic disturbances that precede small fibre diabetic neuropathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolic studies on the sciatic nerve in which the CAP is used as an index of conduction tend to require extended recording periods (Brown et al . ; Stecker & Stevenson, ). We have successfully recorded A and C fibre CAPs, with no loss of amplitude, when incubated with control aCSF for over 8 h, and even longer recordings of A fibre CAPs are possible (Stecker & Stevenson, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Stecker & Stevenson, ). We have successfully recorded A and C fibre CAPs, with no loss of amplitude, when incubated with control aCSF for over 8 h, and even longer recordings of A fibre CAPs are possible (Stecker & Stevenson, ). Such extended durations lend themselves to experiments where the ability of non‐glucose substrates to support conduction can be investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fibre sub‐type specific conduction reveals metabolic function in mouse sciatic nerve

Rich

Brown

2018

The Journal of Physiology

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The stimulus evoked compound action potential (CAP), recorded using suction electrodes, provides an index of the relative number of conducting axons within a nerve trunk. As such the CAP has been used to elucidate the diverse mechanisms of injury resulting from a variety of metabolic insults to central nervous white matter, whilst also providing a model with which to assess the benefits of clinically relevant neuroprotective strategies. In addition the technique lends itself to the study of metabolic cell-to-cell signalling that occurs between glial cells and neurones, and to exploring the ability of non-glucose substrates to support axon conduction. Although peripheral nerves are sensitive to metabolic insult and are susceptible to diabetic neuropathy, there is a lack of fundamental information regarding peripheral nerve metabolism. A confounding factor in such studies is the extended duration demanded by the experimental protocol, requiring stable recording for periods of many hours. We describe a method that allows us to record simultaneously the stimulus evoked CAPs from A and C fibres from mouse sciatic nerve, and demonstrate its utility as applied to investigations into fibre sub-type substrate use. Our results suggest that C fibres directly take up and metabolise fructose, whereas A fibre conduction is supported by fructose-derived lactate, implying there exist unique metabolic profiles in neighbouring fibre sub-types present within the same nerve trunk.

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Acute anoxic changes in peripheral nerve: anatomic and physiologic correlations

et al. 2015

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IntroductionThe response of the peripheral nerve to anoxia is modulated by many factors including glucose and temperature. The purposes of this article are to demonstrate the effects of these factors on the pathological changes induced by anoxia and to compare the electrophysiologic changes and pathological changes in the same nerves.MethodsSciatic nerves were harvested from rats and placed in a perfusion apparatus where neurophysiologic responses could be recorded continuously during a 16 h experiment. After the experiment, light microscopy and electron microscopy were performed.ResultsLight microscopic images showed mild changes from anoxia at normoglycemia. Hypoglycemic anoxia produced massive axonal swelling while hyperglycemic anoxia produced apparent changes in the myelin. Anoxic changes were not uniform in all axons. Electron microscopy showed only minor disruptions of the cytoskeleton with anoxia during normoglycemia. At the extremes of glucose concentration especially with hyperglycemia, there was a more severe disruption of intermediate filaments and loss of axonal structure with anoxia. Hypothermia protected axons from the effect of anoxia and produced peak axonal swelling in the 17–30°C range.ConclusionsThe combination of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia and anoxia produces extremely severe axonal disruption. Changes in axonal diameter are complex and are influenced by many factors.

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Anoxia-induced changes in optimal substrate for peripheral nerve

Cited by 9 publications

References 66 publications

Glia-neuron energy metabolism in health and diseases: New insights into the role of nervous system metabolic transporters

Glia-neuron energy metabolism in health and diseases: New insights into the role of nervous system metabolic transporters

Fibre sub‐type specific conduction reveals metabolic function in mouse sciatic nerve

Acute anoxic changes in peripheral nerve: anatomic and physiologic correlations

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