Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Photolithotrophic Sulfur Bacteria and Their Role in Detoxication of Hydrogen Sulfide

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic compound that can affect various groups of water microorganisms. Photolithotrophic sulfur bacteria including Chromatiaceae and Chlorobiaceae are able to convert inorganic substrate (hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide) into organic matter deriving energy from photosynthesis. This process takes place in the absence of molecular oxygen and is referred to as anoxygenic photosynthesis, in which exogenous electron donors are needed. These donors may be reduced sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. This paper deals with the description of this metabolic process, representatives of the above-mentioned families, and discusses the possibility using anoxygenic phototrophic microorganisms for the detoxification of toxic hydrogen sulfide. Moreover, their general characteristics, morphology, metabolism, and taxonomy are described as well as the conditions for isolation and cultivation of these microorganisms will be presented.

The Historical Development of Cultivation Techniques for Methanogens and Other Strict Anaerobes and Their Application in Modern Microbiology

“…The first efforts began more than a century ago and continued until the present variety of anaerobic cultivation methods and procedures was established [2][3][4][5]. For the most common anaerobic and aerotolerant microorganisms, cultivation techniques are often manageable under ordinary laboratory conditions, but more sophisticated cultivation methods are required for the study of strictly anaerobic microorganisms, such as methanogens, whose importance and biotechnological applications are now of utmost interest [6][7][8][9].…”

Changing water quality and thermocline depth along an aquaculture gradient in six tropical crater lakes

“…The lower peak in chlorophyll a registered by the sensors in Pandin could be indicating a peak in bacteriochlorophyll pigments, because the presence of okenone in the metaliminion indicates the presence of purple sulphur bacteria. Chromatiaceae require light and yet are located beneath the photic zone in Pandin, and is presumably additional evidence of their ability to adapt to low light intensities (Kushkevych et al, 2021). Although not detected in water samples from the other lakes, analyses revealed the presence of okenone from Chromatiaceae in surface sediment samples from Yambo, Pandin, Mohicap and Sampaloc, suggesting their presence previously and possibly at other times of the year.…”

Physicochemical Variation of Water, Diversity, and Bacterial Community Structure in Post-coal Mining Ponds of Different Ages in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…In this process, Cyanobacteria used sulfur and converted it into compounds that could be used by other organisms. This made an important contribution to the sulfur cycle (Kushkevych et al, 2021). Cyanobacteria could also use various nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon dioxide in water.…”