Ansiedad y depresión en fumadores mexicanos y su relación con el grado de adicción

Abstract

Ansiedad y depresión en fumadores mexicanos y su relación con el grado de adicción. Salud Publica Mex 2010;52 supl 2:S120-S128. ResumenObjetivo. Determinar la asociación entre el grado de adicción (GA) y patrón de consumo de tabaco (PCT) con la ansiedad y depresión en fumadores que quieren dejar de fumar (FQDF). Material y métodos. En 495 sujetos que acudieron a un programa para dejar de fumar se determinó la ansiedad (inventario IDARE) y depresión (cuestionario BECK), el GA (cuestionario de Fagerström) y PCT (paquetes-año). Resultados. El GA>= a 6 puntos se asoció con niveles de ansiedad altos [RM=1.94, (IC95%1.02-3.72), p<0.04] y con síntomas de depresión graves [RM=2.24, (IC95%1.00-4.99), p<0.04)]. El PCT>= a 21 paquetes año, se asoció con ansiedad rasgo media; , p<.00]; ansiedad rasgo alta; [RM=3.36 (IC95% 1.66-6-80), p<.00]; con depresión moderada; [RM=3.14, (IC95% 1.75-5-62) p<.00] y depresión grave; [RM=9.85, (IC95% 3.30-29.37), p<.00)]. Conclusión. Existe una asociación significativa en fumadores con alto GA y PCT, con la presencia de ansiedad y síntomas de depresión moderada a grave que deben considerarse en FQDF. Palabras claves: tabaquismo; ansiedad; depresión; nicotina; cese del tabaquismo; monóxido de carbono; México

Nicotine dependence and levels of depression and anxiety in smokers in the process of smoking cessation

“…They show the association between the level of nicotine dependence, measured by the Fagerström test, and higher level of depression recorded by validated instrument to define the levels of depressive symptoms (BDI). These data are consistent with literature, where high level of addition by the Fagerström test was associated with severe depressive symptoms 19,20 . It is known that the highest level of nicotine dependence is a determining factor for the success of smoking cessation and that several characteristics of the smokers are interrelated 19 .…”

“…These data are consistent with literature, where high level of addition by the Fagerström test was associated with severe depressive symptoms 19,20 . It is known that the highest level of nicotine dependence is a determining factor for the success of smoking cessation and that several characteristics of the smokers are interrelated 19 . In this study, regarding the socio-demographic data, the male gender was the variable associated with high nicotine dependence, both for the bivariate analysis and the final regression model used.…”

“…In relation to the levels of depression and anxiety and the association with higher levels of nicotine dependence the results found here show that only depression can be associated, which confirms many of the literature reports 19 . On the other hand, these data differ from researches that find no association between nicotine dependence and depression in the male gender 25 , as well as non-association between severity of smoking and depression among male or female smokers 22 .…”

“…This result was expected, since there are numerous studies which show that the higher the daily consumption of cigarettes and tobacco intake, the higher is the nicotine dependence level 19,21 . The explanation for that is: people who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day are usually nicotine-dependent and subject to strong withdrawal symptoms 23 .…”

Ansiedade e baixo nível motivacional associados ao fracasso na cessação do tabagismo

“…A ansiedade parece ser mais fortemente associada com tabagismo que com a depressão e, entre os fumantes, a prevalência dessas características é maior que na população em geral 43 . Indivíduos com ansiedade e depressão têm menos probabilidades de deixar de fumar ao final do tratamento, pois são os que apresentam maior grau de dependência 44 . Em muitos fumantes a nicotina reduz os sintomas da ansiedade ou da depressão e, ao agir como uma automedicação, perpetua o estado de ambivalência típica da dependência, o que dificulta ainda mais a cessação do tabagismo 45 .…”