Ant Colony Optimization for Least-Cost Design and Operation of Pumping Water Distribution Systems

Lost in Optimisation of Water Distribution Systems? A Literature Review of System Design

“…Thirdly, a pump schedule, which describes when the pump is on and off during a scheduling period (e.g., 24 h). It can be specified by a pumping power [53,54] or pump head [123] at each time step, the number of pumps in operation during 24 h [97], binary pump statuses [29], continuous options representing on/off times with a limit imposed on the number of pump switches [76], discrete options representing the time at which a pump is turned on/off using a predefined time step (e.g., 30 min) [75]. All of these decisions impact on the size of the search space and eventually on the computational efficiency of the optimisation algorithm used.…”

“…Hydraulic constraints given by physical laws of fluid flow in a pipe network: (i) conservation of mass of flow, (ii) conservation of energy, (iii) conservation of mass of constituent [41] System constraints given by limitations and operational requirements of a WDS, for example, minimum/maximum pressure at (demand) nodes and flow velocity in pipes, water deficit/surplus at storage tanks at the end of the simulation period, maximum water withdrawals from sources [54] (limits on nodal pressure, storage tank deficit and water withdrawals from sources), [127] (limits on pipe velocity)…”

Optimization of the Water Distribution Networks with Differential Evolution (DE) and Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)

“…Dandy and Hassanli [14] [20]), the simulated annealing algorithm (Cunha & Sousa [21]), the shuffled leapfrog algorithm (Eusuff & Lansey [22]), ant colony optimization (Maier et al [23]; Zecchin et al [24]; Ostfeld & Tubaltzev [25]), novel cellular automata (Keedwell & Khu [26]) and the particle swarm algorithm (Suribabu & Neelakantan [27] [28]) for optimal design of water distribution systems are some of them.…”

Effect of Storage Tank Size on the Minimization of Water Distribution System Cost and Greenhouse Gas Emissions While Considering Time-Dependent Emissions Factors

“…However, while storage tank size has been considered with respect to minimizing WDS costs 83 (Batchabani and Fuamba 2012;Farmani et al 2006;Farmani et al 2005;Lansey and Mays 84 1989; Ostfeld and Tubaltzev 2008;Prasad 2010;Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia et al 2007;85 Vamvakeridou -Lyroudia et al 2005;Walters et al 1999;Wu et al 2010b), less consideration 86 has been given to this issue when considering the minimization of GHG emissions (Basupi et 87 al. 2013;Basupi et al 2014;Herstein et al 2011;Herstein and Filion 2011;Marchi et al 88 2014; Wu et al 2010b).…”