Antagonistic Effect of Monovalent Cations in Maintenance of Cellular Integrity of a Marine Bacterium

Voe, Irving W. De; Oginsky, Evelyn L.

doi:10.1128/jb.98.3.1355-1367.1969

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Observations such as these led to the conclusion that inorganic ions protect marine bacterial cells against lysis primarily through their capacity to interact with cell envelope components, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the cell wall (3, 4). These observations were confirmed and extended by DeVoe and Oginsky (5,6) who found that the susceptibility of cells of a marine pseudomonad to lysis in distilled water was conditioned by the salt composition of the medium to which the cells were preexposed. Cells which had been suspended in a MgCl2 solution failed to lyse on subsequent suspension in distilled water, but did lyse if Na+ was present in the solution in addition to Mg2+.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

“…Effect of the composition of the washing solution on the lytic susceptibility of intact ceils. Cells of marine pseudomonad B-16 and other marine bacteria (5,21), when washed free of medium components with 0.5 or 1.0 M NaCl, lyse when subsequently suspended in distilled water. Studies in our laboratories (T. I. Matula, Ph.D. thesis, McGill University, 1967) and elsewhere (5) have shown, however, that if cells of the organisms are washed with a solution of a Mg2+ salt, the cells do not lyse on subsequent suspension in distilled water.…”

Section: Rayman and Macleodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Mg-2+ with peptidoglycan and its relation to the prevention of lysis of a marine pseudomonad

Rayman¹,

MacLeod²

1975

J Bacteriol

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Intact cells of marine pseudomonad B-16 (ATCC 19855) which have been washed with a solution of NaCl require only 0.001 M MgSO, and 100 to 300 times this concentration of NaCl or KCI to prevent lysis. Conversion of intact cells to mureinoplasts, a process involving removal of the outer double-track layer (outer membrane) and the periplasmic space layer of the cell wall, approximately doubled the requirement for the three salts to prevent lysis. The formation of protoplasts from mureinoplasts by removing the peptidoglycan layer again doubled the requirement for Na+ and K+ salts but increased the requirement for the Mg2+ salt 200to 300-fold. Cells of the marine pseudomonad suspended in solutions containing Mg2+ salts failed to lyse on subsequent repeated suspension in distilled water, whereas cells presuspended in NaCl lysed immediately. Isolated envelope layers including the peptidoglycan layer, when dialyzed against solutions containing Mg2+ salts, retained Mg2+ after subsequent suspension in distilled water. Envelope layers exposed to solutions of Na+ or K+ salts failed to retain these ions after exposure to distilled water. Na+ displaced Mg2+ from the cell envelope layers. The results obtained indicate that the capacity of Mg2+ salts at very low concentration to prevent lysis of intact cells and mureinoplasts of this organism is due primarily to the interaction of Mg2+ with the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. Ion interaction with the layers lying outside of the peptidoglycan layer contributes only a small amount to the mechanical strength of the wall. One of the characteristics which distinguish gram-negative marine bacteria from their terrestrial and freshwater counterparts is their tendency to lyse when suspended in fresh water (15). The necessity for salts in the suspending medium to prevent lysis was long considered to reflect a requirement of marine bacteria for a medium of suitable osmotic pressure (12). When individual salts were tested, however, it was observed that different salts differed in their capacity to prevent lysis. Twice as much KCl or NH4Cl was required to prevent lysis as NaCl or LiCl (D. B. Pratt and W. H. Riley, Bacteriol. Proc. 55:26, 1955) (17) and salts of such divalent cations as Mg2+, Ca2+, or Mn2+ were effective at concentrations approximately 100-fold lower than those of the monovalent cations (16). Studies with isolated cell envelopes of marine bacteria showed that soluble material of complex composition tended to separate from the

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supporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Rayman and Macleodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Mg-2+ with peptidoglycan and its relation to the prevention of lysis of a marine pseudomonad

Rayman¹,

MacLeod²

1975

J Bacteriol

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“…MgCl2 has been reported to protect a marine bacterium from NaCl-induced lysis (9). A sim- added to the standard autolysis buffer (Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Nacl On Autolysis Of Intact Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frank and Evans (11) state that all the alkali and halide ions, except Li' and F-, disorder the structure of water, which may explain why autolysis was not enhanced by LiCl. On the other hand, DeVoe and Oginsky (9) suggested that Mg2+ ions may form cross-bridges within phospholipids or protein side chains in the cell envelope of a marine bacterium, preventing Na+-induced lysis. The finding that autolysis was irreversibly inhibited by Mg2+ suggests that this ion may form cross-bridges and prevent Na+ activation in tar-i.…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Autolysis of Microbial Cells: Salt Activation of Autolytic Enzymes in a Mutant of Staphylococcus aureus

1972

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The effect of various salts on the autolysis of cell wall of a ribitol teichoic acid-deficient mutant of Staphylococcus aureus H (strain 52A5 carrying tar-i) was compared with the parent strain. In the presence of high concentrations of certain salts such as 1.0 M NaCl, the mutant undergoes autolysis with the release of osmotically sensitive spheroplasts. The parent strain is not affected by these conditions. The stimulation of lysis is related to an activation of N-acylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase.

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“…Gram-negative marine bacteria generally require Na+ for growth and metabolism (21) and have a requirement for cations for the maintenance of cell integrity (8,11,22). With the exception of these requirements, gram-negative marine bacteria closely resemble many of their terrestrial counterparts structurally (34), biochemically (12; C. Forsberg, J. W. Costerton, and R. A. Mac-Leod, unpublished data), and physiologically (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Comparative Transport Capacity of Cells, Mureinoplasts, and True Protoplasts of a Gram-Negative Bacterium

et al. 1970

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The outer layers of the cell envelope of a pseudomonad of marine origin were removed by washing the cells in 0.5 M NaCl followed by suspension in 0.5 M sucrose. The term mureinoplast has been suggested for the rod-shaped forms which resulted from this treatment. As previously established, these forms lacked the outer cell wall layers but still retained a rigid peptidoglycan structure. Mureinoplasts remained stable if suspended in a balanced salt solution containing 0.3 M NaCl, 0.05 M MgSO4, and 0.01 M KCI but, unlike whole cells, lost ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing material if suspended in 0.5 M NaCl or 0.05 M MgCl2. Sucrose added to the balanced salt solution also enhanced the loss of UV-absorbing material. Addition of lysozyme to suspensions of mureinoplasts in the balanced salt solution produced spherical forms which, by electron microscopy and the analysis of residual cell wall material, appeared to be true protoplasts. Only undamaged mureinoplasts, as judged by their capacity to fully retain a-aminoisobutyric acid, were capable of being converted to protoplasts. Protoplasts and undamaged mureinoplasts retained 100% transport capacity when compared to an equal number of whole cells. The Na+ requirement for transport of a-aminoisobutyric acid and the sparing action of Li+ on this Na+ requirement were the same for both protoplasts and whole cells. These observations indicate that, in this gram-negative bacterium, the cell wall does not participate in the transport process though it does stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane against changes in porosity produced by unbalanced salt solutions. The results also indicate that the requirements for Na+ for transport and for the retention of intracellular solutes are manifested at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane. 1014 on July 10, 2020 by guest http://jb.asm.org/ Downloaded from 1015

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Antagonistic Effect of Monovalent Cations in Maintenance of Cellular Integrity of a Marine Bacterium

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Interaction of Mg-2+ with peptidoglycan and its relation to the prevention of lysis of a marine pseudomonad

Interaction of Mg-2+ with peptidoglycan and its relation to the prevention of lysis of a marine pseudomonad

Autolysis of Microbial Cells: Salt Activation of Autolytic Enzymes in a Mutant of Staphylococcus aureus

Stability and Comparative Transport Capacity of Cells, Mureinoplasts, and True Protoplasts of a Gram-Negative Bacterium

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