Antagonistic potential of soil fungi against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Sacc., the causal agent of anthracnose of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz

Yasmin, Zuhra; Shamsi, Shamim

doi:10.3329/dujbs.v28i2.46509

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To detect the antifungal activities between pathogen fungi that infect the same host plant ( Table 1 ), a dual culture assay was performed as described by Yasmin et al (2019) [ 30 ] with some modifications. A fungal disc (4 mm) was placed at the margin of the PDA plate and 1 cm of the distance from the antagonist fungal disc (4 mm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternaria alternata Isolated from Infected Pears (Pyrus communis) in Italy Produces Non-Host Toxins and Hydrolytic Enzymes as Infection Mechanisms and Exhibits Competitive Exclusion against Botrytis cinerea in Co-Infected Host Fruits

Castaldi

Zorrilla

Petrillo

et al. 2023

JoF

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Alternaria alternata is one of the most devastating phytopathogenic fungi. This microorganism causes black spots in many fruits and vegetables worldwide, generating significant post-harvest losses. In this study, an A. alternata strain, isolated from infected pears (Pyrus communis) harvested in Italy, was characterized by focusing on its pathogenicity mechanisms and competitive exclusion in the presence of another pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. In in vitro assays, the fungus produces strong enzymatic activities such as amylase, xylanase, and cellulase, potentially involved during the infection. Moreover, it secretes four different toxins purified and identified as altertoxin I, alteichin, alternariol, and alternariol 4-methyl ether. Only alteichin generated necrotic lesions on host-variety pears, while all the compounds showed moderate to slight necrotic activity on non-host pears and other non-host fruit (lemon, Citrus limon), indicating they are non-host toxins. Interestingly, A. alternata has shown competitive exclusion to the competitor fungus Botrytis cinerea when co-inoculated in host and non-host pear fruits, inhibiting its growth by 70 and 65%, respectively, a result not observed in a preliminary characterization in a dual culture assay. Alteichin and alternariol 4-methyl ether tested against B. cinerea had the best inhibition activity, suggesting that the synergism of these toxins and enzymatic activities of A. alternata are probably involved in the competitive exclusion dynamics in host and non-host pear fruits.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternaria alternata Isolated from Infected Pears (Pyrus communis) in Italy Produces Non-Host Toxins and Hydrolytic Enzymes as Infection Mechanisms and Exhibits Competitive Exclusion against Botrytis cinerea in Co-Infected Host Fruits

Castaldi

Zorrilla

Petrillo

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…inhibition range was 9.56-17.62%, the maximum inhibition record for T. harzianum was 44.14-61.34% and last of all T. viride inhibition range was 37. 34 Yasmin and Shamsi (2019). The reduction of mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi may be accredited by the presence of growth inhibitory substances in the metabolites of antagonistic fungi 24,25 .…”

Section: Effect Of Volatile Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic potentiality of six wheat rhizosphere fungi against leaf blight pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker

Momtaz

Shamsi

Dey

2022

Bioresearch Communications

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Six wheat rhizosphere fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride) were evaluated for their antagonistic potentiality towards sixteen isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker under different cultural groups. Colony interaction using duel culture technique, inhibition owing to volatile and non-volatile substances in different concentrations were performed. Among them Trichoderma harzianum showed the best performance (colony interaction 61.69-79.02%, volatile substances 44.14-61.34% and non-volatile culture filtrate 47.28-68.14% at 20% concentration) to control Bipolaris sorokiniana followed by Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus and Penicillium sp.. Bioresearch Commu. 8(2): 1124-1131, 2022 (July)

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“…To detect the antifungal activities between pathogen fungi that infect the same host plant (Table 1), the dual culture assay was performed as described by Yasmin et al (2019) [21] with some modifications. A fungal disc (4 mm) was placed at the margin of the PDA plate and 1 cm of the distance from the antagonist fungal disc (4 mm).…”

Section: Dual Culture Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Phytopathogenicity of Alternaria alternata Isolated from Infected Pears (Pyrus communis) in Italy: Enzymatic Activity and Production of Non-Host Toxins

Castaldi¹,

Zorrilla²,

Petrillo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This lack of information is due to the primary role of HSTs in fungal pathogenesis, which often masks the functions of NSTs and CWDEs. So, the toxic effects of A. alternata metabolites due to NSTs and CWDEs have received minor attention than those reported for HSTs mycotoxins [11]. A wider study of the activity of isolated fungal metabolites can allow the identification of compounds directly related to the pathogenic activity of the fungus, making it possible to create chemo libraries that facilitate the linking of the structure of the compounds with the species that produce it and its effect on host and non-host crops, as well as with biosynthetic features [12]. In this context, our work reports a study focused on NSTs and CWDEs used by an A. alternata strain isolated from infected pears in Italy. To this aim, the characterization of hydrolytic enzyme activities of A. alternata and the identification of the metabolites produced in vitro were performed. Furthermore, the phytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated on pear (host and non-host varieties) and lemon fruits [13]. Finally, the competition of A. alternata with other pathogens was evaluated to investigate the role of NSTs on co-infections.

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Antagonistic potential of soil fungi against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Sacc., the causal agent of anthracnose of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Alternaria alternata Isolated from Infected Pears (Pyrus communis) in Italy Produces Non-Host Toxins and Hydrolytic Enzymes as Infection Mechanisms and Exhibits Competitive Exclusion against Botrytis cinerea in Co-Infected Host Fruits

Alternaria alternata Isolated from Infected Pears (Pyrus communis) in Italy Produces Non-Host Toxins and Hydrolytic Enzymes as Infection Mechanisms and Exhibits Competitive Exclusion against Botrytis cinerea in Co-Infected Host Fruits

Antagonistic potentiality of six wheat rhizosphere fungi against leaf blight pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker

Insights into the Phytopathogenicity of Alternaria alternata Isolated from Infected Pears (Pyrus communis) in Italy: Enzymatic Activity and Production of Non-Host Toxins

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