Antarctic Atmospheric Chemistry: Preliminary Exploration

Fischer, W.H.; Lodge, James P.; Pate, J. B.; Cadle, R. D.

doi:10.1126/science.164.3875.66

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Antarctic aerosol chemical composition and physical properties such as size distributions and light scattering coefficients have been studied at several locations, both at coastal sites and in the interior parts of the continent for more than three decades [e.g., Fischer et al , 1969; Bodhaine and Bortniak , 1981; Shaw , 1988; Bergin et al , 1998]. For modeling the radiative effects of aerosols the refractive index of particles should be known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective real refractive index of dry aerosols in the Antarctic boundary layer

Virkkula¹,

Koponen²,

Teinilä³

et al. 2006

Geophysical Research Letters

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The real refractive index (nr) of dry aerosols measured at an Antarctic site was calculated using two methods. Number size distributions were applied in a Mie model where nr was varied until the measured and modeled scattering coefficients matched. Ion concentrations analyzed from impactor samples were used for calculating size‐dependent nr. Generally the two methods were consistent with each other. The average iteration‐derived nr varied mainly between ∼1.4 and ∼1.5 but also unreasonably low values, nr < 1.3, were obtained in air masses from the ocean. Possible explanations, such as inaccuracies in the method, water in the particles, non‐analyzed biogenic particles, or non‐spherical particles being responsible for the low values are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective real refractive index of dry aerosols in the Antarctic boundary layer

Virkkula¹,

Koponen²,

Teinilä³

et al. 2006

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The continuation of this work by Maenhaut and Zoller (1977), Maenhaut et al (19791, Cunningham et al (1979), and Cunningham and Zoller (1981) produced an excellent data set describing the South Pole aerosol chemistry. The chemistry of individual particles was studied by Fischer et al (1969) and Parungo et al (1979Parungo et al ( , 1981.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol measurements at the South Pole

Bodhaine¹,

Deluisi²,

Harris³

et al. 1986

Tellus B

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The Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change (GMCC) program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operates an atmospheric monitoring observatory at Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole. Long-term measurements of carbon dioxide, ozone, aerosols, and other background pollutants are obtained to understand their possible effects on the earth's climate. The aerosol measurement program consists of the continuous measurement of condensation nuclei (CN) concentration and aerosol scattering extinction coefficient During 1982, Nuclepore-filter aerosol samples were taken for subsequent analysis by the proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique with 8-h time resolution. A time series of sodium, chlorine, and sulfur concentrations shows that the sulfur and C N records are similar and that the sodium, chlorine, and urp records are similar. Large episodes of sodium are measured at the ground in the austral winter and are apparently caused by large-scale transport from coastal regions and vertical transport to the surface during times of surface warming and weakening of the surface temperature inversion. These episodes are characterized by increases in sodium concentration, Cl/Na ratio, u ,~. and particle size, and decreases in non-sea-salt sulfur concentration, suggesting a decrease in atmospheric acidity and a displacement of sulfuric acid aerosol. An analysis of back trajectories suggests transport times of several days from the Antarctic coast.A nearly continuous record of South Pole C N measurements from I974 to the present, and u ,~ measurements from 1979 to the present, has now been accumulated. The C N data show an annual cycle with a maximum exceeding 100 cm-' in the austral summer and a minimum of about 10 ~m -~ in the winter. The u,, data show an annual cycle markedly different from that of CN with a maximum in late winter, a secondary maximum in summer, and a minimum in May. Angstrom exponents calculated from the multiwavelength oSp data show a strong annual cycle suggesting larger particles in the winter than in the summer.(%J.

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“…Observations of ozone [Aldaz, 1967;Kelley and Weaver, 1966] and carbon dioxide [Kelley, 1968[Kelley, , 1970Hood and Kelley, 1971] are needed to determine the global balance and secular variations of these con stituents. Also, the polar atmosphere is the least contaminated and is being used to provide baseline concentrations of various constituents for the moni toring of future changes [ Cadle et al, 1968;Fischer et al, 1969;Porch et al, 1970]. Observations of carbon dioxide underneath the seasonal snow cover of the arctic tundra [Kelley et al, 1968;Johnson and Kelley, 1970] and other related data [Kelley and Weaver, 1969] contribute to the study of arctic ecosystems during the International Biological Period.…”

Section: Atmospheric Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polar meteorology

Untersteiner¹

1971

EoS Transactions

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The daily views of our earth from outer space are making it increasingly difficult to view the atmosphere as anything but a global entity, and regional meteorology in the classic sense has become a waning branch ofscience. Among the 130 bibliographic references listed below, there is only one study of the type of Reed's [1962] excellent Arctic Forecast Guide, or similar work concerned with synoptic meteorology of the polar regions [Viebrock and Becker, 1968].

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Antarctic Atmospheric Chemistry: Preliminary Exploration

Abstract: The particulate and trace gas content of polar air is very similar to that of tropical air despite diflerences in climatology and biotic activity. biologic particulates and moisture.

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Effective real refractive index of dry aerosols in the Antarctic boundary layer

Effective real refractive index of dry aerosols in the Antarctic boundary layer

Aerosol measurements at the South Pole

Polar meteorology

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