Antarctic benthic diversity

Brey, Thomas; Klages, Michaël; Dahm, C.; Gorny, Matthias; Gutt, Julian; Hain, Stefan; Stiller, Michael; Arntz, Wolf; Wägele, Johann‐Wolfgang; Zimmermann, Alfons

doi:10.1038/368297a0

Cited by 94 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This view is supported by the high level of invertebrate endemism (e.g. species endemism typically ranges between 57 and 95%; genus endemism varies from 5 to 70 %) (references in Dayton 1990, Arntz et al 1994, Knox 1994. With this in mind a TWINSPAN analysis on the limited nematode genus data available from the ocean margin was done in order to test the affinity between the deep-water assemblages from the Southern Ocean and other regions on the globe.…”

Section: Comparison With Nematode Communities Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the Antarctic (see later section), the area of the nematode study in the Arctic Ocean (Laptev Sea) experienced limited primary production and a large reduction in the supply of degradable organic matter to the benthos (references in Vanaverbeke et al 1997b). Other factors that might have shaped Antarctic diversity are for example higher age, greater environmental constancy and longer isolation (Brey et al 1994). …”

Section: World-wide Comparison Of Nematode Genus Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative study of the nematode communities on the southeastern Weddell Sea shelf and slope (Antarctica)

Vanhove¹,

Arntz²,

Vincx³

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Nothing is known about the structure of free-living manne nematode coinmunities in the high Antarctic. Our attempt at surveying this n~unerically most abundant meiobenthic taxon along the continental shelf and slope (200 to 2000 m) furmshed information on generic, trophic and age composition in 2 regions in the Weddell Sea (Kapp Norvegia, 6 stations, 71-72"S, 12-13" W; Halley Bay, 11 stations, 74-75"S, 25-29" W). A total of 7300 nematode identifications to generic level were analyzed by means of a variety of statistical techniques. The spatial structure indicated the existence of 4 major nematode genus associations colonizing the upper slope, downslope, Halley shelf and a muted habitat consisting of shelf break and Kapp Norvegia shelf. Dominated by genera like Sabatiena, Molgolaimus, A4icrolalmus, Monhystera, Daptonema, Leptolaimus, Acantholaimus and Dichromadora, these habitats often contained distinct associations of less abundant genera. The trophically diverse communities exhibited an equal shanng of epistrate, nonselective and selective deposit feeders, with a slight dominance of the flrst feedlng category. Each feeding guild was considered in light of the correlations with microbial food and fresh versus decomposing organic matter, leading to the conclusion that the applied classification does not adequately explain the trophic status of the deep-water communities. Globalscale compaiisons with literature data indicated the broad geographical distnbution of predominant nematode taxa and a lack of Antarctic endermsm. Only a weak separation of the entire nematode communities on a geographical basis was suggested by multivariate techniques. Although ocean-wide comparison was hampered by limited comparable literature data, diversity indices scored high and surpassed the Arctic bathyal assemblage The major agents behind the observed patterns involved sediment grain size and food content, operating over different scales. Depth per se had no major effect. Underlying mechanisms included water-column productivity, hydrodynamics, iceberg activity and macrofaunal presence.

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Section: Comparison With Nematode Communities Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: World-wide Comparison Of Nematode Genus Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the nematode communities on the southeastern Weddell Sea shelf and slope (Antarctica)

Vanhove¹,

Arntz²,

Vincx³

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…These data were subsequently expanded and analysed further, expressing overall growth performance as the generalized measure 4>: (Figure 7). Tabulated biomass, production and PIB data are given in Brey and Clarke [1993] and Arntz et al [1994].…”

Section: Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Marine benthic populations in Antarctica: Patterns and processes

Clarke¹

1996

Foundations for Ecological Research West of the Antarctic Peninsula

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Sampling difficulties have meant that there have been more studies of population patterns than of processes in Antarctic benthos, but a number of generalizations can be made. Benthic marine invenebrates in Antarctica have species/abundance relationships similar to those found in temperate or tropical regions but, several striking examples of gigantism notwithstanding. most species are small. Diversity is generally high, particularly in comparison with the Arctic, although some taxa (for example molluscs) are low in diversity when compared with temperate or tropicaJ faunas. Most species produce larger eggs than related non-polar species, and embryonic development is typically slow. Although the Southern Ocean contains fewer taxa reproducing by feeding pelagic larvae than elsewhere, such larvae are by no means absent. Somewhat paradoxically, these larvae are often released in winter. Post-juvenile growth rates are typically slow, and recruitment rates are slow and episodic. The low temperature slows many biological processes, but other factors are also involved. Ice is an irnponant factor in many biological processes, and the recently described sub-decadal variability in the e"tent of winter sea-ice is likely to e"ert a profound influence on benthic ceo10gica1 processes in Antarctica. I, INTRODUCTIONIt has long been traditional in ecology to draw a distinction between the study of pattern and process. These two complementary approaches provide different infonnation, and require different techniques. In particular studies of ecological processes require time, and in Antarctica, where many ecological processes take place slowly, such studies are necessarily long-tenn. The particular difficulties of ecological research in Antarctica mean that most studies have been directed at understanding ecological patterns; studies of ecological processes have been less common, although a few generalizations can be made.Aspects of the biology of Antarctic benthic organisms have been reviewed regularly during the past twenty years [Hedgpeth, 1971;Dell, 1972;Clarke, 1983;White, 1984;Dayton, 1990; Arntz et 01., 1994, in press] _ In this review I shall therefore concentrate on selected features of panicular interest to the Antarctic Peninsula area. Distributional patterns are discussed elsewhere [Clarke, this volume]; in this chapter I shall concentrate on species/abundance patterns and diversity. For ecological processes I shall discuss reproductive ecology, settlement, growth rate and the influences of temperature and sea-ice.

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“…Rohde 1992;Gaston 1996Gaston , 2000Brown & Lomolino 1998;Chown & Gaston 1999;Gaston & Blackburn 2000). This trend has been studied in numerous terrestrial (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large–scale species–richness gradients in the Atlantic Ocean

Macpherson

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

180

179

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The increase in species richness from the poles to the Equator has been observed in numerous terrestrial and aquatic taxa. A number of different hypotheses have been put forward as explanations for this trend, e.g. area and energy availability. However, whether these hypotheses apply to large spatial scales in marine environments remains unclear. The present study shows a clear latitudinal gradient from high to low latitude (from 80°N to 70°S) in marine species richness for 6643 species ( shes and invertebrates) in 10 different taxa dwelling in benthic and pelagic habitats on both sides of the Atlantic. The patterns in benthic taxa are strongly in uenced by coastal hydrographic processes, with marked peaks and troughs, and consequently the gradients are not symmetric along both Atlantic sides. Pelagic taxa show a plateaushaped distribution and the in uence from coastal events on gradients could not be demonstrated. The relationships between species richness and different environmental factors indicate that area size does not explain the latitudinal pattern in benthic species richness on a large spatial scale. Sea-surface temperature (positive relationship) is the best predictor of this pattern for benthic species, and nitrate concentration (negative relationship) is the best predictor for pelagic species. The results call into question the existence of a single primary cause that would explain the pattern in marine species richness on a large spatial scale.

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Antarctic benthic diversity

Cited by 94 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative study of the nematode communities on the southeastern Weddell Sea shelf and slope (Antarctica)

Comparative study of the nematode communities on the southeastern Weddell Sea shelf and slope (Antarctica)

Marine benthic populations in Antarctica: Patterns and processes

Large–scale species–richness gradients in the Atlantic Ocean

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