Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds under temperature perturbation by nonorographic inertia gravity waves observed by micropulse lidar at Syowa Station

Shibata, Takashi; Sato, K.; Kobayashi, Hiroshi; Yabuki, Masanori; Shiobara, Masataka

doi:10.1029/2002jd002713

Cited by 53 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Case studies of mountain waves induced by the Scandinavian Mountains showed that the waves can cause localized cooling of up to 10-15 K (Carslaw et al, 1998b;Dörnbrack et al, 1999Dörnbrack et al, , 2002. The Antarctic Peninsula is another well-known hot spot for the formation of PSCs from mountain waves in the Southern Hemisphere (Wu and Jiang, 2002;Shibata et al, 2003;Höpfner et al, 2006b;Baumgaertner and McDonald, 2007;Eckermann et al, 2009;Orr et al, 2015). In the Antarctic polar stratosphere, waveinduced PSC formation is particularly important in fall or spring, whereas synoptic-scale temperatures in winter are usually well below the PSC formation threshold (Campbell and Sassen, 2008;McDonald et al, 2009;Noel and Pitts, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Arctic stratospheric vortex is generally warmer and more disturbed due to planetary wave activity, possibly making gravity waves an even more important source of PSCs in the Northern Hemisphere . Although most case studies focus on gravity waves from orographic sources, Hitchman et al (2003) and Shibata et al (2003) showed that non-orographic gravity waves can also trigger PSC formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A decadal satellite record of gravity wave activity in the lower stratosphere to study polar stratospheric cloud formation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves yield substantial small-scale temperature fluctuations that can trigger the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). This paper introduces a new satellite record of gravity wave activity in the polar lower stratosphere to investigate this process. The record is comprised of observations of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite from January 2003 to December 2012. Gravity wave activity is measured in terms of detrended and noise-corrected 15 µm brightness temperature variances, which are calculated from AIRS channels that are the most sensitive to temperature fluctuations at about 17-32 km of altitude. The analysis of temporal patterns in the data set revealed a strong seasonal cycle in wave activity with wintertime maxima at mid-and high latitudes. The analysis of spatial patterns indicated that orography as well as jet and storm sources are the main causes of the observed waves. Wave activity is closely correlated with 30 hPa zonal winds, which is attributed to the AIRS observational filter. We used the new data set to evaluate explicitly resolved temperature fluctuations due to gravity waves in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis. It was found that the analysis reproduces orographic and non-orographic wave patterns in the right places, but that wave amplitudes are typically underestimated by a factor of 2-3. Furthermore, in a first survey of joint AIRS and Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) satellite observations, nearly 50 gravity-wave-induced PSC formation events were identified. The survey shows that the new AIRS data set can help to better identify such events and more generally highlights the importance of the process for polar ozone chemistry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A decadal satellite record of gravity wave activity in the lower stratosphere to study polar stratospheric cloud formation

et al. 2017

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“…Using Challenging Mini-Satellite Payload (CHAMP) radio occultation observations, McDonald et al (2009) show that gravity waves increase the frequency of temperatures below T NAT in June in the Antarctic, in particular around the Antarctic Peninsula, which is known as a mountain wave "hotspot". Shibata et al (2003) pointed out that non-orographic gravity waves generated by spontaneous adjustment which is related to synoptic-scale wave breaking also have an impact on the formation of ice particles. This result indicates that the impact of gravity waves is not restricted to above high mountains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSCs containing high number densities of NAT can act as mother clouds for extremely large NAT particles (so called "NAT rocks") (Fahey et al, 2001;Fueglistaler et al, 2002). These rock particles efficiently remove HNO 3 from the lower stratosphere with their large sedimentation velocity (Fahey et al, 2001;Shibata et al, 2003). The NAT formation temperature (T NAT ) is derived by Hanson and Mauersberger (1988), and although dominant nucleation mechanisms remain uncertain and controversial (Lowe and MacKenzie, 2008), the correlation coefficient between the potential PSC volumes using T NAT and the Arctic ozone depletion is more than 0.9 (Rex et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of atmospheric waves on the amounts of polar stratospheric clouds

Kohma

Sato

2011

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A quantitative analysis on the relationship between atmospheric waves and polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the 2008 austral winter and the 2007/2008 boreal winter is made using CALIPSO, COSMIC and Aura MLS observation data and reanalysis data. A longitude-time section of the frequency of PSC occurrence in the Southern Hemisphere indicates that PSC frequency is not regionally uniform and that high PSC frequency regions propagate eastward at different speeds from the background zonal wind. These features suggest a significant influence of atmospheric waves on PSC behavior. Next, three temperature thresholds for PSC existence are calculated using HNO 3 and H 2 O mixing ratios. Among the three, the T STS (a threshold for super cooled ternary solution)-based estimates of PSC frequency accord best with the observations in terms of the amount, spatial and temporal variation, in particular, for the latitude ranges of 55 • S-70 • S and 55 • N-85 • N. Moreover, the effects of planetary waves, synoptic-scale waves and gravity waves on PSC areal extent are separately examined using the T STS -based PSC estimates. The latitude range of 55 • S-70 • S is analyzed because the T STS -based estimates are not consistent with observations at higher latitudes (<75 • S) above 18 km, and PSCs in lower latitudes are more important to the ozone depletion because of the earlier arrival of solar radiation in spring. It is shown that nearly 100 % of PSCs between 55 • S and 70 • S at altitudes of 16-24 km are formed by temperature modulation, which is influenced by planetary waves during winter. Although the effects of synopticscale waves on PSCs are limited, around an altitude of 12 km more than 60 % of the total PSC areal extent is formed by synoptic-scale waves. The effects of gravity waves on PSC areal extent are not large in the latitude range of 55 • S-70 • S. However, at higher latitudes, gravity waves act to increase

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“…Older versions than the MPL-4 have already been deployed in two other Antarctic stations (see Fig. 1): Syowa (Japan, 69.0 • S 39.5 • E), where a PSC type-II single event was reported and attributed to low temperature fluctuations related to inertia gravity waves (Shibata et al, 2003) and remaining usually outside the polar vortex (see Fig. 1 version 3) with careful smoothing procedures (Campbell and Sassen, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depolarization ratio of polar stratospheric clouds in coastal Antarctica: comparison analysis between ground-based Micro Pulse Lidar and space-borne CALIOP observations

et al. 2013

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Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an important role in polar ozone depletion, since they are involved in diverse ozone destruction processes (chlorine activation, denitrification). The degree of that ozone reduction is depending on the type of PSCs, and hence on their occurrence. Therefore PSC characterization, mainly focused on PSC-type discrimination, is widely demanded. The backscattering (R) and volume linear depolarization (δ^V) ratios are the parameters usually used in lidar measurements for PSC detection and identification. In this work, an improved version of the standard NASA/Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL-4), which includes a built-in depolarization detection module, has been used for PSC observations above the coastal Antarctic Belgrano II station (Argentina, 77.9° S 34.6° W, 256 m a.s.l.) since 2009. Examination of the MPL-4 δ^V feature as a suitable index for PSC-type discrimination is based on the analysis of the two-channel data, i.e., the parallel (p-) and perpendicular (s-) polarized MPL signals. This study focuses on the comparison of coincident δ^V-profiles as obtained from ground-based MPL-4 measurements during three Antarctic winters with those reported from the space-borne lidar CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) aboard the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) satellite in the same period (83 simultaneous cases are analysed for 2009–2011 austral winter times). Three different approaches are considered for the comparison analysis between both lidar profile data sets in order to test the degree of agreement: the correlation coefficient (CC), as a measure of the relationship between both PSC vertical structures; the mean differences together with their root mean square (RMS) values found between data sets; and the percentage differences (BIAS), parameter also used in profiling comparisons between CALIOP and other ground-based lidar systems. All of them are examined as a function of the CALIPSO ground-track distance from the Belgrano II station. Results represent a relatively good agreement between both ground-based MPL-4 and space-borne CALIOP profiles of the volume linear depolarization ratio δ^V for PSC events, once the MPL-4 depolarization calibration parameters are applied. Discrepancies between CALIOP and MPL-4 profiles in vertical layering structure are enhanced from 20 km up, likely due to a decrease of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for both lidar systems at those altitudes. Regarding the results obtained from the mean and the percentage differences found between MPL-4 and CALIOP δ^V profiles, a predominance of negative values is also observed, indicating a generalized underestimation of the MPL-4 depolarization as compared to that reported by CALIOP. However, absolute differences between those δ^V-profile data sets are no higher than a 10 ± 11% in average. Moreover, the degree of agreement between both lidar δ

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Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds under temperature perturbation by nonorographic inertia gravity waves observed by micropulse lidar at Syowa Station

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

A decadal satellite record of gravity wave activity in the lower stratosphere to study polar stratospheric cloud formation

A decadal satellite record of gravity wave activity in the lower stratosphere to study polar stratospheric cloud formation

The effects of atmospheric waves on the amounts of polar stratospheric clouds

Depolarization ratio of polar stratospheric clouds in coastal Antarctica: comparison analysis between ground-based Micro Pulse Lidar and space-borne CALIOP observations

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