Antecedents and precipitants of patient-related violence in the emergency department: Results from the Australian VENT Study (Violence in Emergency Nursing and Triage)

Pich, Jacqueline; Kable, Ashley; Hazelton, Mike

doi:10.1016/j.aenj.2017.05.005

Cited by 80 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As highlighted in previous studies, we also did not find significant differences regarding the gender and educational level of nurses and the risk of suffering violence (Gillespie et al., ; Pich et al., ); (Kvas and Seljak ) (Child and Mentes study ), We found that with increasing age and work experience the risk of violence decreases, in line with international literature (Pich et al., ; Wei, Chiou, Chien, & Huang, ). In fact, the logistic regression analysis of dependent variables highlighted that older age is a protective factor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…International studies have shown how the physical and emotional effects on nursing staff, such as absence due to work injury or sick days (Pompei et al., ), absenteeism (O'Brien‐Pallas, Hayes, Wang, & Laporte, ), the intention to leave (Choi & Lee, ), burnout (Liu et al., ) and job satisfaction (Zhao et al., ), strongly impact on the budgets of administrators, both regarding direct and indirect costs (Speroni, Fitch, Dawson, Dugan, & Atherton, ). In Emergency Departments (ED), violence towards health professionals is so common that Emergency nurses consider these episodes as “a part of the job” (Copeland & Henry, ; Pich, Kable, & Hazelton, ) and WPV as the “dark side of the Emergency Department” (Ray, ). In this specific setting, patient‐related violence is particularly relevant and complex (Pich, Hazelton, Sundin, & Kable, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Violence towards Emergency Nurses: The 2016 Italian National Survey—A cross‐sectional study

et al. 2019

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Aim To analyse the dimensions and characteristics of violence towards Emergency nurses in a national context (Italy). Background Nurses are the most exposed to workplace violence, especially in Emergency Department contexts. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted in all Italian regions. Descriptive analyses were used to examine violence from patients and relatives (Type II violence) concerning personal characteristics of the Emergency nurses and perpetrators, environmental and organisational factors. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors. Results About 76.0% of Emergency nurses experienced verbal violence, 15.5% both verbal and physical violence and only 8.5% denied having experienced either. Older age and more experience in Emergency settings are protective factors. Working in the South of Italy significantly increases the probability of being exposed. Discussion There are many factors explaining violence, but some correlations are not clear. Conclusion Factors that have a positive effect on this problem include: specific training for younger nurses, a strong alliance between users and health personnel to restore a relationship of trust between parties, physical barriers and appropriate architectural measures. Implications for Nursing Management Comprehensive approaches can represent an effective strategy to counteract workplace violence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence towards Emergency Nurses: The 2016 Italian National Survey—A cross‐sectional study

et al. 2019

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“…It is unclear at what point during the patient's ED visit preliminary assessment for the risk of OV is optimal; however, there is sound justification for the initiation of such risk assessments at triage. Triage is the first point of contact for patients where patients' clinical histories and presenting complaints are routinely assessed, and often nurses can detect and also be subjected to patients' expressions of frustrations, about issues such as pain and long waiting periods . Moreover, triage nurses report that behavioural risk factors of OV, such as anxiety, agitation, demanding behaviour or restlessness, are exhibited in the waiting area, and their ability to recognise these behaviours could be key to identifying potential perpetrators and reducing the impacts of OV by, for example, initiating early interventions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: Identifying occupational violence patient risk factors and risk assessment tools in the emergency department: A scoping review

Cabilan

Johnston

2019

Emerg Medicine Australasia

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Occupational violence (OV) is a daily risk for ED staff. It contributes to staff stress, sick leave, turn‐over and burn‐out, and limits the capacity of staff to provide unimpeded quality care to patients and their families. Many factors contribute to incidents of OV; however, early detection of such risk factors could pre‐empt incidences of OV during ED episodes of care. A five‐stage methodological framework for scoping reviews was used to identify, summarise and synthesise OV risk factors from five key databases. A validated tool was used to appraise the quality of included studies. Independent evaluation by the reviewers was used throughout. Patient factors were extracted and described from 24 methodologically and geographically diverse papers. Methodological quality for these studies varied from moderate to high. A total of 34 OV risk factors were identified. Although there was variation in, and differences between, staff‐perceived and objective (documented) OV risk factors, patient risk factors can be categorised into three main groups: clinical presentation, behaviours and past history. Five existing ED OV risk assessment tools were identified, with limited supporting evidence for each. The results support the development of a reliable and validated OV risk assessment tool to be initiated at triage.

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“…The Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) has advocated for a nationally consistent ‘zero tolerance’ approach to acts of violence in the ED . However, it is recognised that EDs have the highest incidence of violence in healthcare and up to 90% of ED staff have experienced some type of violence in their careers . In a recent systematic review of violence within EDs world‐wide, the pooled proportion of 36 violent episodes per 10 000 presentations demonstrated substantial exposure of ED staff to workplace violence (WPV) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security interventions for workplace violence in the emergency department

Mitra

Nikathil

Gocentas

et al. 2018

Emerg Medicine Australasia

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EDs should not rely on police response to prevent or handle violence. The finding of a high proportion of events being perpetrated by repeat offenders indicate that data sharing between EDs for identification of perpetrators of WPV can be useful for prevention of future episodes. ACEM policy for WPV in EDs should encompass further details on security credentialing and preventive strategies towards minimisation of WPV in the Australian EDs.

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Antecedents and precipitants of patient-related violence in the emergency department: Results from the Australian VENT Study (Violence in Emergency Nursing and Triage)

Cited by 80 publications

References 37 publications

Violence towards Emergency Nurses: The 2016 Italian National Survey—A cross‐sectional study

Violence towards Emergency Nurses: The 2016 Italian National Survey—A cross‐sectional study

Review article: Identifying occupational violence patient risk factors and risk assessment tools in the emergency department: A scoping review

Security interventions for workplace violence in the emergency department

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