Antenatal rubella serosurvey in Maputo, Mozambique

Barreto, Jorge; Sacramento, Isadora; Robertson, Susan; Langa, Judite; Gourville, Esther de; Wolfson, Lara J.; Schoub, Barry D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01577.x

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Moreover, similar high rubella seroprevalence has been previously reported in many developing countries that were not using rubella vaccine [8], including countries from the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region, such as the Islamic Republic of Iran, where the seroprevalence of rubella was 91.1% among pregnant women [9]. In addition, a similar high rubella prevalence of 95.3% has been reported in some African countries, such as South Africa and Mozambique [10,11], besides, a slightly higher prevalence of 97.9% among Nigerian pregnant women [12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Seroprevalence of rubella among pregnant women in Khartoum state, Sudan

Adam

Makkawi²,

Kannan³

et al. 2013

East Mediterr Health J

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Rubella vaccine is not included in the Sudanese national immunization programme, and data on the prevalence of rubella among women of childbearing age are inadequate. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the seroprevalence of rubella among pregnant women in Khartoum state, Sudan. A total of 500 pregnant women who visited 7 antenatal clinics from November 2008 to March 2009 were examined for the presence of rubella IgG antibodies using ELISA. Rubella IgG antibodies were detected in 95.1% (95% CI: 93.2%-97.0%) of women. This seroprevalence was significantly associated with education level, but not with age, residence area, occupation or parity. We presume this high seroprevalence indicates a high circulation of wild rubella virus in Khartoum state. Similar studies in other Sudanese states would be important for informing a decision to introduce rubella vaccine to Sudan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Seroprevalence of rubella among pregnant women in Khartoum state, Sudan

Adam

Makkawi²,

Kannan³

et al. 2013

East Mediterr Health J

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“…Our 351 finding of no statistically significant increases in rubella antibody seroprevalence with increasing age (after 352 approximately 15 years of age) has been observed in a number of the above-mentioned serosurveys and others 353 [34, 35, 39, 42-46, 48, 49, 53, 54]. Moreover, in agreement with published observations from other African 354 countries, for the assessment population in DRC overall, rubella antibody seroprevalence was similar among 355 19 women declaring residence in urban versus rural settings; however, differences in antibody seroprevalence were 356 observed between different geographic areas in the country [31,34,38,41,43,44,46,51]. Last and consistent 357 with reports from other African countries, age at first pregnancy, number of pregnancies, civil status, 358 educational level, and occupation were not associated with rubella antibody seroprevalence in DRC [34, 38, 41, 359 44-46, 53].…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

Estimating the burden of rubella virus infection and congenital rubella syndrome through a rubella immunity assessment among pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Potential impact on vaccination policy

Alleman

Wannemuehler

Hao

et al. 2016

Vaccine

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A rubella antibody seroprevalence assessment was conducted using serum collected during 2008-2009 from 1,605 pregnant women aged 15-46 years attending 7 antenatal care sites in 3 of DRC's provinces. Estimates of age-and site-specific rubella antibody seroprevalence, population, and fertility rates were used in catalytic models to estimate the incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births and the number of CRS cases born in 2013 in DRC.Overall 84% (95% CI 82, 86) of the women tested were estimated to be rubella antibody seropositive. The association between age and estimated antibody seroprevalence, adjusting for study site, was not significant (p=0.10). Differences in overall estimated seroprevalence by study site were observed indicating variation by geographical area (p<=0.03 for all). Estimated seroprevalence was similar for women declaring residence in urban (84%) versus rural (83%) settings (p=0.67). In 2013 for DRC nationally, the estimated incidence of CRS was 69/100,000 live births (95% CI 0, 186), corresponding to 2886 infants (95% CI 342, 6395) born with CRS.In the 3 provinces, rubella virus transmission is endemic, and most viral exposure and seroconversion occurs before age 15 years. However, approximately 10%-20% of the women were susceptible to rubella virus infection and thus at risk for having an infant with CRS. Per World Health Organization recommendations, introduction of RCV should be accompanied by a campaign targeting children 9 months to 14 years and vaccination of women of child bearing age through routine services. Please find below our responses (in italics in blue below each reviewer's comments) to the comments and the details describing how the manuscript was revised to address each.Reviewer #1: This manuscript provides estimates of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) for the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) using seroprevalence data obtained from existing blood specimens from antenatal clinics. It provides an idea of the occurrence of CRS in a country with little rubella data and that has not yet introduced a rubella-containing vaccine, thus shedding light on an issue that is relevant when discussing vaccine introduction and vaccination strategies. The paper is well written and the supplemental material useful to understand the models used.Specific comments: Abstract 1. What % of the population live in the selected provinces 193-199, lines 206-211, and lines 252-257). Additional details regarding a number of elements of DRC's population have been incorporated into the Methods section of the manuscript (Please see lines Clarify that the estimated CRS incidence and cases in 2013 is for all of DRCThe abstract has been revised to read "In 2013 for DRC nationally, the estimated incidence of CRS was 69/100,000 live births (95% CI 0, 186), corresponding to 2886 infants (95% CI 342, 6395) born with CRS."

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“…In Nigeria, it is found that 68.5% of pregnant women had Rubella infections (Bamgboye et al, 2004), whereas in incidence was reported in Mozambique, which was estimated as 95.3%. (Barreto et al, 2006). In mounting body of study conducted among Sudanese women, Rubella virus was detected in 65.3% (Hamdan et al, 2011) and 95.1% (Adam et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, some defects have been stated later following maternal infections in the second trimester (Ojala et al, 1973). Incidence of Rubella infection is becoming low globally, nevertheless, some African countries such as Mozambique estimated high incidence (95.3%) (Barreto et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Rubella virus among pregnant Sudanese women with history of abortion

Elamin¹,

Khidir²

2017

J. Med. Lab. Diagn.

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Mainly, rubella infections during pregnancy are considered as serious infections worldwide. Since Rubella virus not only infects susceptible women early in pregnancy, they can also be transmitted to the fetus, and might induce birth defects. Accordingly, accurate as well as meticulous diagnosis of rubella infection is crucial during pregnancy. A descriptive, retrospective cross sectional hospital based study was conducted during the period from January 2012 till January 2013; in this context, 107 pregnant women attending Khartoum teaching hospital were enrolled. Needless to mention, the entire participants have history of abortion. Moreover, demographic together with clinical data were retrieved from the patient medical file. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting Rubella (IgG and IgM) antibodies using commercial diagnostic kits (DRG Instruments GmbH. Germany). Quantitative analyses for Rubella (IgG and IgM) antibodies were performed; furthermore, the assay result was interpreted as IU/mL. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SSPS) version 17. Out of a total of 107 participants, 93 were examined for the presence of Rubella IgG and IgM antibodies. Mean age was calculated as 30.3 with standard deviation (SD) ±6.2. Interestingly, rubella IgM was found reactive in 5 participants (5.4%), in contrast, 48 participants (51.6%) were found reactive to Rubella IgG antibodies. The present study found that the age groups of 20-29, and 30-39 have a significant correlation with antibody sero-positive. However, since this study was cross sectional, it is difficult to state whether the occurrence of high antibody titre preceded or followed the abortions. Rubella vaccine and routine screening for rubella should be introduced for pregnant women in this setting. Further research in this area is highly recommended.

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Antenatal rubella serosurvey in Maputo, Mozambique

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Seroprevalence of rubella among pregnant women in Khartoum state, Sudan

Seroprevalence of rubella among pregnant women in Khartoum state, Sudan

Estimating the burden of rubella virus infection and congenital rubella syndrome through a rubella immunity assessment among pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Potential impact on vaccination policy

Seroprevalence of Rubella virus among pregnant Sudanese women with history of abortion

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