Antenatal Screening for Toxoplasmosis and Rubella in Saudi Arabia: Assessing the Need for Screening

Abstract

Objective Antenatal screening programs are highly recommended to limit maternal and neonatal infections such as toxoplasmosis and rubella. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of maternal toxoplasma and rubella among pregnant women tested during antenatal screening at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study targeted pregnant women attending the King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during the period of 2019–2022 for antenatal follow-up. This study included 3653 pregnant women who attended an antenatal screening. The clinical consequences of pregnancy were evaluated and categorized into six main categories based on the related complications and comorbidities of the pregnant women. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program as a descriptive statistic, and an ANOVA was used to test the associations. Results The study findings showed that 12% of women were seropositive for toxoplasmosis and 71.4% were seropositive for rubella, and it found that almost all women (except two) were seronegative for Toxo IgM (immunoglobulin M) and rubella IgM, which indicates the absence of recent infections during the pregnancy. Approximately 19% and 4% of women who had no comorbidities experienced complicated pregnancies and delivery, respectively. Moreover, 1.3% of the pregnant women had comorbidities, complicated pregnancies, and problems during delivery. The mean Toxo IgG level was significantly higher in women with normal pregnancies than in those with other pregnancies. Rubella immunoglobulin levels did not significantly correlate with pregnancy or delivery problems. Conclusion The seropositivity prevalence of toxoplasma Ig M and rubella Ig M were very low at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, indicating absence of current infections. However, the benefits of routine antenatal screening in pregnant women remain unclear. This study was conducted at one hospital, with a limited sample of participants, and did not yield adequate evidence to recommend a broader implementation of antenatal testing for toxoplasmosis and rubella.