“…Navigating the dynamic terrain of wireless communication, antennas are required to embody a plethora of features to ensure efficacy in both current and future systems. These encompass expansive and multi-frequency coverage, compact form factors, meticulously defined radiation patterns, multi-mode operational capabilities, cost-effectiveness in fabrication, energy efficiency, streamlined integration and assembly processes, and conformity to ever-evolving standards [ 3 ]. The symbiotic integration of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configurations and phased array arrangements, fortified by adaptive and smart antennas, stands as the linchpin for significantly augmenting system capacity, thereby adeptly meeting the burgeoning demands of the unfolding epoch of wireless networks [ 4 ].…”