Antenna Design: Micro Strip Patch for Spectrum Utilization in Cognitive Radio Networks

Chinnathampy, M. Suresh; Aruna, T.; Muthukumaran, N.

doi:10.1007/s11277-021-08232-6

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The Capacitive loading, Inductive loading are used in this feeding line meandered technology. The objectives including there are certain frequency ranges that we have to make our cell phones operate and that frequency range have to be covered with designed radiation pattern and proper gain and also constraints are given on this is how antenna design research is focussed in terms of cell phone perspective [1][2][3]. Figure 4 shows the current distribution and 3D radiation pattern of a planar inverted F antenna (Motorola T193 and planar monopole antenna iPhone 4 but the engineering changes depending on the current situation and challenges [6].…”

Section: Figure 4: Energy Distribution Of Handset Sleeve Dipolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antenna means for radiating radio waves, Generally the type of antenna that are used in cell phone handsets in the form of Sleeve dipoles, Whip antennas. In Figure [1] the sleeve dipoles we have a coaxial transmission line, dielectric insert, metal sleeve and line braid. The balancing mode can be achievable with metal sleeve also the stability of the radiation pattern.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antenna Engineering for Various Applications with Low-Cost Product Manufacturing

Chinnathampy¹,

Marzla²

2022

Preprint

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Antenna means for radiating radio waves, Generally the type of antenna that are used in cell phone handsets in the form of Sleeve dipoles, Whip antennas. In the sleeve dipoles we have a coaxial transmission line, dielectric insert, metal sleeve and line braid. The balancing mode can be achievable with metal sleeve also the stability of the radiation pattern. The role of the dielectric and sleeve are not only maintaining the radiation pattern stable but also walk on the matching. Whenever we have the roll over mobile it is used for getting signal as well as receive signal. Capturing of signal is possible when the mobile starts working. The system represents the capturing of omni directional signal through radiation pattern measurements. The coaxial line inner conductor is along the Z- direction, the signal is symmetric along X-Y plane. In this chapter it is proposed to develop an antenna which can be used as low-cost product in various fields. The construction of the whip antenna must be compact. A spring in the whip antenna plays a vital role as small compact antenna systems which is usually implemented for cell phones. The small compact antenna used for transmitting and receiving signals in an omni-directional system. From the cell phone perspective technology, the printed technology made a significant role which helps in use meandered monopoles used in MEMS. In historical perspective, this complicated design has to concentrate on the types of frequency ranges covered with radiation pattern also we cannot estimate current in the antenna since it is an integrated device, the placement of the other things like a battery also carries power and we have to look into the arrangements in a design in such a way that we must estimate the power dissipation throughout the antenna circuit, we have to rectify if the current which flows through the conductor carries any additional effects. The overall structure of the mobile also affects the radiation pattern. The parasitic effects, nearby circuits, placement of the other devices in a mobile affects the electromagnetic energy distribution. Similarly in all the fields the antenna can be developed with low-cost product manufacturing.

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Section: Figure 4: Energy Distribution Of Handset Sleeve Dipolementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenna Engineering for Various Applications with Low-Cost Product Manufacturing

Chinnathampy¹,

Marzla²

2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The mono-pole antenna used in [ 26 ] is operational from 2.8–10.6 GHz achieved a gain variation of 60 dB. Planar monopole antennas with multi-port have a bandwidth from 2–11 GHz, a gain variation of 30 dB, and an efficiency of 50% for cognitive radio [ 27 ] and UWB mono-pole in [ 28 ] achieves 85% bandwidth and a gain variation of 25 dB for spectrum sensing. In [ 29 ] a boomerang-shaped UWB planar antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 163% with a variation of 40 dB gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Miniaturized Arc Shaped Near Isotropic Self-Complementary Antenna for Spectrum Sensing Applications

Qureshi

Basir

Subhan

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This paper presents the design of an arc-shaped near-isotropic self-complementary antenna for spectrum sensing application. An arc-shaped dipole with horizontal and vertical arms is used to achieve a near isotropic radiation pattern. The radiation pattern improved by adjusting the horizontal and vertical arm lengths. Simulated and experimental results show that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 146% (2.4–18.4 GHz) for VSWR ≤ 2 with a good radiation pattern. In order to quantify the antenna performance, antenna gain variation, bandwidth, efficiency, and size have been compared with previously reported designs. It is shown that the proposed arc-shaped antenna can achieve nearly isotropic radiation patterns with a maximum radiation efficiency of 92%. The isotropic performance of the antenna has been characterized by observing the radiation pattern and solid angle. The FR4 substrate is used as a dielectric with relative permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. (εr = 4.4, h = 1.6 mm) The simulated and measured results are in good comparison, and the proposed design is a suitable candidate for spectrum sensing.

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“…A reconfigurable antenna provides an alternate method to enhance the antenna bandwidth without change in physical dimension. The reconfigurable antennas have been replaced over conventional multiband and multiple–input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna due to its attractive properties such as spectrum sensing, beam reconfigurability, adjust resonant frequency, broadside radiation pattern, improved polarization, and reduce the fading in wireless communication system 1,3,4 . The tuning properties of the reconfigurable antenna can be achieved with several switching elements like optical gates, PIN and varactor diodes, radio frequency micro electromechanical switches (RF‐MEMS), crystal switch, stepper motor, 5 and memristors 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…multiple-output (MIMO) antenna due to its attractive properties such as spectrum sensing, beam reconfigurability, adjust resonant frequency, broadside radiation pattern, improved polarization, and reduce the fading in wireless communication system. 1,3,4 The tuning properties of the reconfigurable antenna can be achieved with several switching elements like optical gates, PIN and varactor diodes, radio frequency micro electromechanical switches (RF-MEMS), crystal switch, stepper motor, 5 and memristors. 6 PIN diodes are generally preferred over switches mentioned above due to its less insertion loss, better isolation, high power handling capacity, switching speed, and low cost.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote‐controlled reconfigurable hexa‐band antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting systems

Siddique

Kumar

et al. 2021

Circuit Theory & Apps

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In this paper, a compact (15.5 Â 32 mm 2 ) reconfigurable microstrip antenna with hexa-band operation for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting applications is presented. Three PIN diodes (D3, D2, and D1) for switching action and internet of things (IoT) controlled unit for controlling the resonating frequency of the proposed antenna are used. The antenna resonates at 2.1 and 3.4 GHz (010 state), 3.3 GHz (100 state), 3.2 GHz (101 state), 3 GHz (110 state), and 2.8 GHz (111 state). The proposed antenna exhibits À10 dB simulated and measured impedance bandwidth of 150, 400, 480, 570, 370, and 400 MHz and 120, 410, 400, 470, 320, 100, 101, 110, and 111, respectively. A maximum peak gain of 3.3 dBi and maximum bandwidth of 570 MHz at 3.2 GHz (101 state) is observed. The proposed antenna is further tested for harvested power, and maximum harvested voltage of 3.9 V, maximum harvested power of 3.013 mW, and 55.07% power conversion efficiency at 20-dBm power source are recorded. The simulated results have been validated with experimental results.hexa-band, power harvesting, reconfigurable antenna, rectenna, remote-controlled switch | INTRODUCTIONAdvancement in portable smart electronic devices operating at multiple frequencies has led to expeditious enhancement in performance of the microstrip patch antenna for wireless communications. Antenna with multiple resonance and adjustable resonance with reconfigurable antenna are the need for modern communication devices. 1 Antennas with fixed frequency band and radiation pattern can be used for single service. The applications seeking multiple frequency bands need multiple antennas or multiband antenna. More number of antennas results in large space consumption, interference between adjacent antenna elements, complex hardware platform, and huge installation cost. Antennas with compact size, less interference, efficient in transmission, low cost, and least complexity are required in advanced communication electronic equipment. The reconfigurable antennas can be used to overcome the limitations aforesaid 2 efficiently.A reconfigurable antenna provides an alternate method to enhance the antenna bandwidth without change in physical dimension. The reconfigurable antennas have been replaced over conventional multiband and multiple-input

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Antenna Design: Micro Strip Patch for Spectrum Utilization in Cognitive Radio Networks

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Antenna Engineering for Various Applications with Low-Cost Product Manufacturing

Antenna Engineering for Various Applications with Low-Cost Product Manufacturing

A Miniaturized Arc Shaped Near Isotropic Self-Complementary Antenna for Spectrum Sensing Applications

Remote‐controlled reconfigurable hexa‐band antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting systems

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