Antenna tilt control in CDMA networks

Abstract

This paper presents a real-time utility based procedure for antenna tilt control in cellular networks. The method's convergence to Nash equilibrium is guaranteed by the concave dependence between utility function and tilt angle. The solution was verified using a CDMA motion simulator with real path-loss data collected in downtown Delhi. The simulations show a significant reduction in dropped calls when the tilt is adapted to changes in traffic. This solution can be realized on systems that install remote control antennas.

BEE-DRONES: Ultra low-power monitoring systems based on unmanned aerial vehicles and wake-up radio ground sensors

“…Similarly, each WGS is equipped with a WuRx and a directional antenna with maximum irradiation cone of angle α S max and maximum gain G S max . Differently from our previous study [14], and in accordance with the experimental results of Section 3, we consider directional an-330 tennas; the antenna gain G(α, G max , α max )[dBi] with a receiving/transmitting signal of angle α is modeled as in [41]:…”

A Survey of Self Organisation in Future Cellular Networks

“…The authors in [45] take a game theoretic approach by modelling a utility function for the system where each cell tries to maximise this function through antenna tilt in a non-cooperative game against neighbouring cells to achieve a Nash equilibrium. However, it is well known that the existence of the Nash equilibrium does not imply convergence.…”

Utility Fair Optimization of Antenna Tilt Angles in LTE Networks

“…In [6] a heuristic method is proposed for adjusting tilt to maximise average spectral efficiency within the network, while [7] proposes a combination of fuzzy and reinforcement learning. In [8] simulated annealing is considered for joint self-configuration of antenna tilt angle and power and in [9] a non-cooperative game approach between neighbouring base stations is studied. Offline planning of tilt angle is considered, for example, in [10], using a heuristic search method combined with a mixed integer local search.…”