Antennal sensilla in five Psychodini moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) pollinators ofArumspp. (Araceae)

Abstract

Abstract. The pollination of the genus Arum (Araceae) is mainly achieved by deception, the fl oral odour mimicking the pollinator ovipositing site. In order to discover the sensory organs involved in this attraction, we have studied the antennae of fi ve species of psychodine moth-fl ies (former Psychoda sensu lato = Psychodini), pollinators of Arum spp. The antennae of the fi ve Psychodini reveal seven types of sensilla: multiporous tribranched sensilla basiconica (sensilla ascoidea), multiporous sensilla basiconica, multiporous sensilla coeloconica, multiporous sensilla auricillica, uniporous sensilla basiconica, aporous sensilla chaetica, aporous Böhm's sensilla. Each species possesses three, fi ve or six of these sensillum types. All the multiporous sensilla are probably olfactory receptors while the uniporous sensilla basiconica must possess a contact chemoreceptive function. The multiporous tribranched sensilla basiconica (s. ascoidea), present in all the species, are the best candidates for the reception of the odours given off by the ovipositing sites and the infl orescences of Arum. The multiporous sensilla basiconica and the multiporous sensilla coeloconica may be involved respectively as CO 2 receptors or thermoreceptors. Psychoda phalaenoides, which is the main pollinator of A. maculatum, is the species which possesses the largest number of antennal sensilla. The sexual dimorphism, studied only in Psycha grisescens, as concerns the number of sensilla and the absence of a sensillum type which differ according to sex, is diffi cult to interpret.Résumé. Sensilles antennaires de cinq espèces de Psychodini (Diptera : Psychodidae : Psychodinae) pollinisateurs du genre Arum (Araceae). La pollinisation du genre Arum (Araceae) est réalisée essentiellement par tromperie, l'odeur fl orale imitant les sites d'oviposition du pollinisateur. Afi n de rechercher les organes sensoriels impliqués lors de cette attraction, noue avons étudié les antennes de quelques espèces du genre Psychoda sensu lato, pollinisateurs des Arum. Les antennes des cinq Psychodini montrent l'existence de sept types sensillaires : des sensilles basiconiques multipores à trois branches (sensilles ascoïdes), des sensilles basiconiques multipores, des sensilles coeloconiques multipores, des sensilles auricilliformes multipores, des sensilles basiconiques à pore terminal, des sensilles chétiformes sans pore et des sensilles de Böhm sans pore. Chaque espèce possède trois, cinq ou six de ces types sensillaires. Toutes les sensilles multipores sont probablement des récepteurs olfactifs tandis que les sensilles basiconiques unipores possèdent une fonction chimio-réceptrice de contact. Les sensilles ascoïdes présentes en grands nombres chez toutes les espèces sont les meilleures candidates pour la réception des odeurs en provenance des sites d'oviposition et des infl orescences d'Arum. Les sensilles multipores basiconiques et coeloconiques peuvent être impliquées respectivement dans la réception du CO 2 ou comme thermorécepteurs. Psychoda phalaenoide...

Morphology and distribution of antennal, maxillary palp and labial palp sensilla of the adult bruchid beetles,Callosobruchus chinensis(L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

“…The morphology and location of sensilla chaetica is similar to some previously described sensilla in other insects (Faucheux & Gibernau ). The sensilla chaetica is the most abundant in the antennae of C. chinensis in both groups.…”

Molecular phylogeny of moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) revisited, with a revised tribal classification

“…antennae, secondary sexual characters of males, aedeagus, parameres and characters of the posthypandrium) (e.g. Quate, ; Vaillant, , ; Faucheux & Gibernau, ; Kvifte & Wagner, ). Members of the group also inhabit a wide range of habitats, ranging from strictly terrestrial to strictly aquatic.…”

A new species of Trichomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae: Trichomyiinae) and report of antennal sensilla in adult

“…3A), an antennal sensilla, are paired, hyaline structures that can vary in size, number, and shape (Kvifte, 2011) and were proposed as a synapomor-phy of Psychodidae (Wood & Borkent, 1989). According to Faucheux & Gibernau (2011), these sensilla are thinwalled structures that act as olfactory receptors.…”

“…styloryncha Curler & Moulton, 2010;and T. acanthostylis Quate, 1996; a female of T. armata; and a female of an unidentified species. These sensilla are present in one to three of the flagellomeres and must provably have olfactory function (see Faucheux & Gibernau, 2011 for discussion about the function of antennal sensilla). It is provable that these sensilla have a wider distribution in the species of the genus.…”

“…The presence of different types of antennal sensilla is well-documented in insects, but less information is particularly found in psychodid flies (Faucheux & Gibernau, 2011). Ilango (2000) and Fernandes et al (2008) described the sensilla for species of Phlebotominae of medical importance, and Faucheux & Gibernau (2011) described the sensilla of five species of Psychodinae, Psychodini of economic interest.…”