Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite System Receivers

Chen, Chi‐Chih; Gao, Steven; Maqsood, Moazam

doi:10.1002/9781119945147.ch14

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The answers can be found in several books [5]- [9] covering GNSS antennas, as well as in general antenna books, outside the GNSS context, under the category of antennas of circular polarization with a broad symmetrical unidirectional beam and a peak directivity of 3-10 dBi. (A higher directivity leads to a narrower beam, and thus a higher cutoff angle C above horizon.…”

Section: Basic Gnss Antenna Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the author's knowledge, a book [8] and a book chapter [9] on GNSS antennas were scheduled for publication in 2011 and 2012. This paper provides a bird's eye view on GNSS receive antennas, written in the context of the latest developments and their consequential fundamental changes in design principles, which are departing conventional GPS antennas.…”

Section: Introductionvfrom Gps To Gnssmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Wang

2012

Proc. IEEE

139

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Global Navigation Satellite System receive antenna technologies are reviewed in this paper, and the design challenges of this exciting area of antenna design are discussed. ABSTRACT | Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) will in effect be fully deployed and operational in a few years, even with the delays in Galileo as a consequence of European Union's financial difficulties. The vastly broadened GNSS spectra, spread densely across 1146-1616 MHz, versus the narrow Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 and L2 bands, together with a constellation of over 100 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites versus GPS' 24 MEO satellites, are revolutionizing the design of GNSS receive antennas. For example, a higher elevation cutoff angle will be preferred. As a result, fundamental changes in antenna design, new features and applications, as well as cost structures are ongoing. Existing GNSS receive antenna technologies are reviewed and design challenges are discussed.

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Section: Basic Gnss Antenna Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionvfrom Gps To Gnssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Wang

2012

Proc. IEEE

139

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“…Ketinggian permukaan laut absolut berdasarkan ITRF dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan dua penerima, penerima RHCP menghadap ke atas (puncak) dan LHCP menghadap permukaan laut (nadir) [6]. Penerima RHCP menerima sinyal yang datang langsung dari satelit GNSS, yang kemudian digunakan untuk memperkirakan posisi absolut antena [7]. Di sisi lain, penerima LHCP menerima sinyal yang dipantulkan oleh permukaan laut [8].…”

Section: Metode Penelitianunclassified

Kajian Aplikasi Pantulan Sinyal GNSS Untuk Pemantauan Ketinggian Permukaan Air Laut

Muslim

Kumalasari

Chiuman

et al. 2019

KFI

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Design and experiment of ocean current power generation system have been carried out using the Bach In Indonesia, the tsunami early warning system only applies the earthquake and hydrosphere relationship model to predict tsunamis. To date, no tsunami detector has used radar or GNSS technology. GNSS technology can be applied as an early warning system for tsunamis, provided that tsunamis are caused by earthquakes greater than 7 magnitudes, occur 70 kilometers below sea level, and are caused by normal faults. This could be an alternative to Bouy GNSS which is expensive to install and maintain, especially for countries with vast oceans such as Indonesia. In this paper, a review of the application of GNSS signal reflection was carried out using one International GNSS Service (IGS) station, JOG2, and one Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS), CLSA, each located in Java and Sumatra to investigate the availability of sea level monitoring in Indonesia. Determination of sea level is obtained from two methods, the GNSS signal phase data analysis method and the GNSS Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) data analysis method. Both methods use reflected GNSS signals or multipath effects to obtain sea level. The results of the study show that the number of satellites that pass through Indonesia every 15 minutes is enough to get sea-level data every 15 minutes to one hour. This shows that it is possible to apply the multipath effect to obtain sea level information in Indonesia to detect tides and tsunamis as part of the tsunami early warning system in Indonesia.

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“…The FSS is designed to reflect signals in the upper band (7 -10 GHz) with a loss <0.25 dB, and allow transmission in the lower band (3)(4)(5)(6). Good impedance match and bidirectional to unidirectional beam transformation is obtained when the FSS and metal plate are inserted a distance /4 below the spiral at the centre of the upper and lower bands respectively.…”

Section: S Mohamad R Cahill and V Fuscomentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Archimedean spiral antenna backed by FSS reflector

2015

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This letter investigates the use of a backing cavity composed of a frequency selective surface (FSS) above a metal plate as a means to supress the backlobe radiation and increase the gain of an Archimedean spiral antenna which operates from 3 to 10 GHz. The FSS is designed to reflect signals in the upper band (7 -10 GHz) with a loss <0.25 dB, and allow transmission in the lower band (3 -6 GHz). Good impedance match and bidirectional to unidirectional beam transformation is obtained when the FSS and metal plate are inserted a distance /4 below the spiral at the centre of the upper and lower bands respectively. Simulated and measured radiation patterns are employed to show the performance enhancement which is attributed to the FSS reflector. Introduction:The Archimedean spiral is a class of frequency independent antennas which generate circularly polarised bidirectional radiation with equal power in the upper and lower hemisphere [1]. Significant pattern distortion is often observed when low gain antennas strongly illuminate the platform on which they are mounted [2], therefore suppression of backlobe energy is desirable for applications that require unidirectional coverage. For planar spirals this is normally obtained by backing the antenna with a cavity containing an electromagnetic absorber. However a major disadvantage of this classical arrangement is that 50% of the radiated energy is dissipated in the load. A more efficient method, which can increase the antenna gain by 3 dB, is to insert a flat metal plate /4 distance below the radiating aperture. However this technique is only suitable for narrow band operation, therefore a wideband spiral would require the deployment of a more advanced ground plane architecture to reduce performance degradation in terms of impedance mismatch and high crosspolarisation [3] at low frequencies, and beam distortion at high frequencies [4]. In [5] the authors reported on a structure composed of eight unequal size metal rings placed one quarter wavelength below the corresponding active regions of an Archimedean spiral. Although the antenna was shown to work from 3 to 10 GHz, the 3D metal step arrangement used to suppress the backlobe radiation was complicated to manufacture and difficult to position precisely below the discrete active regions.In this paper we report on a much simpler cavity design which consists of a FSS that reflects strongly between 7 -10 GHz (upper band) and simultaneously allows transmission between 3 -6 GHz (lower band). The FSS and metal plate are inserted λ/4 (at 8.5 GHz and 4.5 GHz respectively) distance below the antenna, thus forming a cavity which effectively presents two stacked ground planes, one for each band. Unidirectional operation of the new configuration is demonstrated by comparing the predicted VSWR, gain, front-to-back (F/B) ratio, axial ratio and measured radiation patterns at the edges of the two bands, to the performance obtained from an identical unbacked spiral antenna.

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Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite System Receivers

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Kajian Aplikasi Pantulan Sinyal GNSS Untuk Pemantauan Ketinggian Permukaan Air Laut

Performance of Archimedean spiral antenna backed by FSS reflector

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