Anterior cruciate ligament volume: Analysis of gender differences

Fayad, Laura M.; Rosenthal, Elan H.; Morrison, William B.; Carrino, John A.

doi:10.1002/jmri.21239

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is likely that these intrinsic differences contribute to the increased frequency of ligamentous injury in young female athletes [43-47]. Whether these issues potentially contribute to the sex disparity in OA in later life is unclear, and surprisingly little attention has been devoted to sex differences in these structures using MRI in adults [48]. Fayad and colleagues [48] described differences in anterior cruciate ligament bundle volumes in 33 men and 30 women (mean age of 43, range of 15 to 70 years) referred for clinical MRI.…”

Section: Insight Into Sex Differences In Structural Joint Components mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether these issues potentially contribute to the sex disparity in OA in later life is unclear, and surprisingly little attention has been devoted to sex differences in these structures using MRI in adults [48]. Fayad and colleagues [48] described differences in anterior cruciate ligament bundle volumes in 33 men and 30 women (mean age of 43, range of 15 to 70 years) referred for clinical MRI. Although there was a sex difference in anterior cruciate ligament volume, this was explained entirely by differences in height [48].…”

Section: Insight Into Sex Differences In Structural Joint Components mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fayad and colleagues [48] described differences in anterior cruciate ligament bundle volumes in 33 men and 30 women (mean age of 43, range of 15 to 70 years) referred for clinical MRI. Although there was a sex difference in anterior cruciate ligament volume, this was explained entirely by differences in height [48]. …”

Section: Insight Into Sex Differences In Structural Joint Components mentioning

confidence: 99%

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New developments in osteoarthritis. Sex differences in magnetic resonance imaging-based biomarkers and in those of joint metabolism

Maleki-Fischbach

Jordan

2010

Arthritis Res Ther

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Sex differences in the prevalence, incidence, and severity of osteoarthritis (OA) have long been known. Some differences in the evaluation of this issue across studies may be related to differences in study design, sampling, study size, study populations, targeted joint sites, and definitions of OA. This report highlights recent studies of sex differences in individual joint components imaged by magnetic resonance imaging and in systemic biomarkers of joint metabolism. Particularly important are those studies that examine this issue in young unaffected adults and children before the development of disease. Despite some variation across studies, women appear for the most part to have a thinner and more reduced volume of cartilage in the knee than men, and this may occur from early childhood. It is not clear whether women have a more accelerated rate of cartilage volume loss than men. Few data exist on sex differences in systemic biomarkers of joint metabolism. In these studies, it is critically important to characterize the total body burden of OA and the presence of comorbid conditions likely to influence a given biomarker. Lastly, future research should dovetail studies of sex differences in imaging and biochemical biomarkers with genetics to maximize insight into the mechanisms behind observed sex differences.

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Section: Insight Into Sex Differences In Structural Joint Components mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insight Into Sex Differences In Structural Joint Components mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insight Into Sex Differences In Structural Joint Components mentioning

confidence: 99%

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New developments in osteoarthritis. Sex differences in magnetic resonance imaging-based biomarkers and in those of joint metabolism

Maleki-Fischbach

Jordan

2010

Arthritis Res Ther

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“…7,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] These have been measured from images such as coronal-, sagittal-, and axial-plane views [12][13][14] and in different physiological environments. 11,12 Importantly, reports of ACL morphometry [11][12][13][14] offered little consistency in accounting for body size. Sex-specific in vivo comparisons in which researchers have comprehensively assessed ACL morphometry have produced variable results, as the authors 7,8 did not comprehensively account for factors that may have influenced ACL size in participants with ACL injuries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex Comparisons of In Vivo Anterior Cruciate Ligament Morphometry

Wang

Shultz

Ross

et al. 2019

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Females have consistently higher anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates than males. The reasons for this disparity are not fully understood. Whereas ACL morphometric characteristics are associated with injury risk and females have a smaller absolute ACL size, comprehensive sex comparisons that adequately account for sex differences in body mass index (BMI) have been limited. Objective To investigate sex differences among in vivo ACL morphometric measures before and after controlling for femoral notch width and BMI. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty recreationally active men (age = 23.2 ± 2.9 years, height = 180.4 ± 6.7 cm, mass = 84.0 ± 10.9 kg) and 20 recreationally active women (age = 21.3 ± 2.3 years, height = 166.9 ± 7.7 cm, mass = 61.9 ± 7.2 kg) participated. Main Outcome Measure(s) Structural magnetic resonance imaging sequences were performed on the left knee. Anterior cruciate ligament volume, width, and cross-sectional area measures were obtained from T2-weighted images and normalized to femoral notch width and BMI. Femoral notch width was measured from T1-weighted images. We used independent-samples t tests to examine sex differences in absolute and normalized measures. Results Men had greater absolute ACL volume (1712.2 ± 356.3 versus 1200.1 ± 337.8 mm3; t38 = −4.67, P < .001) and ACL width (8.5 ± 2.3 versus 7.0 ± 1.2 mm; t38 = −2.53, P = .02) than women. The ACL volume remained greater in men than in women after controlling for femoral notch width (89.31 ± 15.63 versus 72.42 ± 16.82 mm3/mm; t38 = −3.29, P = .002) and BMI (67.13 ± 15.40 versus 54.69 ± 16.39 mm3/kg/m2; t38 = −2.47, P = .02). Conclusions Whereas men had greater ACL volume and width than women, only ACL volume remained different when we accounted for femoral notch width and BMI. This suggests that ACL volume may be an appropriate measure of ACL anatomy in investigations of ACL morphometry and ACL injury risk that include sex comparisons.

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“…These slope differences along with the depth of the concavity of the medial compartment of the tibiofemoral joint (tibiofemoral joint congruence) may impact articular contact and joint biomechanics, and contribute more or less resistance to ATT upon joint loading (9). Known sex differences in other aspects of lower extremity anatomy, such as lower extremity alignment, the length of the knee extensor moment arm, or the size and material properties of the ACL, may also play a role (3, 4, 7, 30). Work is ongoing to examine these potential anatomical contributions, and how they may interact with AKL and GR to impact joint biomechanics as the knee transitions from NWB to WB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knee Joint Laxity and Its Cyclic Variation Influence Tibiofemoral Motion during Weight Acceptance

Shultz

Schmitz

Nguyen

et al. 2011

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose To better understand how sex differences in anterior knee joint laxity (AKL) impact knee joint biomechanics, we examined the consequence of greater absolute baseline (males and females) and cyclic increases in AKL during the menstrual cycle (females) on anterior tibial translation (ATT) as the knee transitioned from non-weight bearing (NWB) to weight bearing (WB) conditions, while also controlling for genu recurvatum (GR). Methods Males and females (71F,48M;18-30 years) were measured for AKL and GR, and underwent measurement of ATT. Females were tested on the days of their cycle when AKL was at its minimum (T1) and maximum (T2); males were matched in time to a female with similar AKL. Linear regressions examined relationships between absolute baseline (AKLT1, GRT1) and cyclic changes (Δ=T2-T1; AKLΔ, GRΔ)(females only) in knee laxity with ATT as measured at T1 and T2, and Δ (T2-T1) (females only). Results AKL and GR increased in females, but not males, from T1 to T2. Greater AKLT1 and GRT1 predicted greater ATTT1 and ATTT2 in males (R2=21.0, P<.007). The combination of greater AKLT1, AKLΔ and less GRΔ predicted greater ATTT1 and ATTT2 in females (R2=12.5-13.1, P<.05), with AKLΔ being a stronger predictor (coefficient, P-value) of ATTT2 (0.864, P=.027) compared to ATTT1 (0.333, P=.370). AKLΔ was the sole predictor of ATTΔ (R2=.104; 0.740, P=.042). Conclusions Greater absolute baseline and cyclic increases in AKL were consistently associated with greater ATT produced by transition of the knee from NWB to WB. As the ACL is the primary restraint to ATT, these findings provide insight into possible mechanisms by which greater AKL may be associated with at risk knee biomechanics during the weight acceptance phase of dynamic tasks.

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Anterior cruciate ligament volume: Analysis of gender differences

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

New developments in osteoarthritis. Sex differences in magnetic resonance imaging-based biomarkers and in those of joint metabolism

New developments in osteoarthritis. Sex differences in magnetic resonance imaging-based biomarkers and in those of joint metabolism

Sex Comparisons of In Vivo Anterior Cruciate Ligament Morphometry

Knee Joint Laxity and Its Cyclic Variation Influence Tibiofemoral Motion during Weight Acceptance

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