Anterior Femoral Bow and Possible Effect on the Stifle Joint: A Comparison between Humans and Dogs

Abstract

The aim of the study was to compare the anterior bow of the femur between dogs and humans in terms of the possible impact on the stifle joint. The femoral radiographs obtained retrospectively were used to determine the angles and positions of the anterior bow in both dogs (n = 135) and humans (n = 57). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for the statistical analyses of the variables. The mean anterior bow angle (ABA) was 18.3 ± 2.02° and 4.88 ± 1.24° in dogs and humans, respectively. The bow position was at the distal shaft in dogs (64.9 ± 2.04%) and almost at the mid-shaft of the bone (46.5 ± 5.52%) in humans. The ABA was related to the bow position in both humans and dogs. Additionally, the angle correlated with age in humans, while it was correlated with weight and breed in dogs. In conclusion, it is suggested that the anterior bow should be used as a landmark on the femoral axis for the biomechanical research of stifle joint, and dog stifle could be used as a suitable model for human knee in experimental studies for clinicians, while making sure that ethical principles are fully respected.

Elastic Intramedullary Nails in the Treatment of Pediatric Length Unstable Femur Fractures

“…The discrepancy of the procurvatum/ recurvatum deformity definitions accounts for the natural procurvatum of the femur of ~5 degrees. 14 All measurements were performed using the digital measurement tool on the Merge PACS system (IBM Watson, Cambridge, MA). Rotational deformity was initially screened on physical examination and confirmed by CT scan if necessary.…”

“…In the coronal plane this represented a varus/valgus deformity >10 degrees and in the sagittal plane this represented procurvatum >15 degrees, and recurvatum >5 degrees. The discrepancy of the procurvatum/recurvatum deformity definitions accounts for the natural procurvatum of the femur of ~5 degrees 14. All measurements were performed using the digital measurement tool on the Merge PACS system (IBM Watson, Cambridge, MA).…”

The employment of cynomolgus monkey as proprioceptive deficit model of the anterior cruciate ligament

“…Therefore, the development of a proprioceptive deficit model of the ACL, which can simulate human ACL injury, is important for studying ACL moderate injury and help patients to restore their proprioception. A number of animal models have been established and used in previous studies, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] but the majority are not suitable for related research. For example, certain small animals require less time to establish the model, but are associated with increased surgical and postoperative care due to the small body size, which can ultimately result in infection or death.…”