“…The mastoidectomy and "facial recess" approach to the middle ear referred to above and described by Myers and Schlosser (1960) was the route to the round window favored by , , , Parkin et al (1985), Burian et al (1986), Portmann (1986), , Lacombe et al (1989), , and Lacombe et al (1984). A trans-external canal approach was advocated by , , and Banfai et al (1984).…”