Anterocollis and anterocaput

Effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on posture in Parkinson's disease: A blind computerized analysis

“…Further, we evaluated potential associations between individual changes in the postural angles and clinical/demographic characteristics. Antecollis, Pisa syndrome, and camptocormia were defined as per the recent consensus definitions as follows: ventral cervical-occipital angle > 45° (antecollis) [4], lateral thoracolumbar angle > 10° (Pisa syndrome) [6], and ventral thoracolumbar angle > 30° or ventral thoracic angle > 45° (camptocormia) [5].…”

“…Abnormal trunk and neck postures are a common cause of functional disability and quality of life impairment in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) [1][2][3]. PD-associated posture alterations may range from a "typical" parkinsonian stooped posture, with rounding of the shoulders and flexion of the hips and knees [1], to more severe abnormalities such as antecollis, a non-fixed anterior flexion of the head greater than 45° [4]; camptocormia, an anterior flexion of the spine greater than 30° at the lumbar fulcrum or 45° at the thoracic fulcrum [5]; and Pisa syndrome, a lateral flexion of the trunk greater than 10° that improves with passive mobilization and supine positioning [6].…”

Collum-caput (COL-CAP) concept for conceptual anterocollis, anterocaput, and forward sagittal shift

“…It occurs with a prevalence of 1:10,000. A rare subtype of CD is anterocollis [7]. The following review focuses on the management of anterocollis since this subtype of CD is rare and difficult to treat and thus less appreciated than other subtypes of CD.…”

A methodological approach for botulinum neurotoxin injections to the longus colli muscle in dystonic anterocollis: A case series of 4 patients and a literature review

“…Additional guidance techniques (e.g., EMG, ultrasound) may improve the outcomes of treatment with BoNT [2]. However, dystonic patterns, such as anterocollis, anterocaput, and forward sagittal shift, remain challenging to manage using BoNT because it needs to be injected into deep neck muscles, which are largely responsible for these postures [3]. Anterocollis is characterized by a non-fixed anteflexion (>45°) of the cervical spine with a preserved angle between the skull base and C1 vertebra relative to the thoracic spine [4].…”

“…Routinely, in dystonic anterocollis, BoNT is frequently applied to the superficial neck flexors—namely sternocleidomastoid (SCM), levator scapulae, and scalene muscles—owing to their easy accessibility [2] , [3] , [5] . Although such an approach may improve the status of some patients with anterocollis [6] , [7] , it is mostly considered to be ineffective [8] , [9] , [10] .…”