Anteversion of the femoral neck.

Femoral anteversion in children measured by ultrasound

“…Our investigation confirms that ultrasound is reliable for measuring femoral AV, although the agreement with radiography was not as good as that reported by Clarac et al (1985). The accuracy of the method of Rippstein (1955) is approximately f 5" (Ruby et al 1979, Henriksson 1980. Because the precision of the ultrasound method in our study was approximately 2 7", a discrepancy less than 10" between ultrasound and radiography appears satisfactory.…”

“…The femoral anteversion (AV) angle can be determined by various conventional radiographic techniques, of which the biplanar technique appears to be the most useful one (LaGasse & Staheli 1972, Ruby et al 1979. Accurate measurement of the AV angle can be obtained by computed tomography (CT) (Weiner et al 1978, Peterson et al 1981.…”

Concurrent Criterion-Related Validity and Reliability of a Clinical Test to Measure Femoral Anteversion

“…However, the use of a projection image to quantify a transverseplane entity led to large inaccuracies. 18 The radiographic method was replaced with computed tomography (CT) in the late 1970s, which was subsequently found to be more accurate when compared to an anatomical reference. 9 More recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to measure femoral anteversion.…”

Measurement of femoral neck anteversion in 3D. Part 2:3D modelling method

“…in the diagnosis o f rotational deformities o f lower extremities and of gait disorder, it is necessary to measure the femoral anteversion (RUBY et al, 1979). Conventionally, 2D measurements, including CT, ultrasound and MRI method, have been used (REINHARD et al, 1997;SCHNEIDER et al, 1997;KLAUS et al, 1997;TERJESEN and ANDA, 1990;MURPHY et al, 1987).…”