Anthelminthic effects of extracts of indigenous browses from mid rift valley of Ethiopia

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential anthelminthic properties of extracts of leaves of indigenous browses (Acacia seyal, Acacia senegal, Acacia tortilis, Millettia ferruginea, and Vernonia amygadalina) based on three in vitro assays. Acetone extracts of browses at different concentrations (75 to 1200 μg/ml, for egg and larvae and 100mg/ml for an adult) were tested on three developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus (eggs, infective larvae, and adult worms) using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA) and adult worm motility inhibition assay (AMIA). Significant effects were obtained with all five browses but differences were observed depending on the parasitic stages. The effects of five browse extracts on egg hatching were concentration-dependent, the highest (P<0.05) egg hatch inhibition rate was observed at 1200 μg/ml concentration for all browses. All extracts had a higher effect (P<0.01) than that of the negative control, phosphate buffer saline (PBS). In contrast, no concentration-response relationship was found for infective larvae and adult worms, although more potent effects were observed with the highest concentrations. The LMI rate (70%) induced by Vernonia amygadalina extract, at a concentration of 300 μg/ml, was the highest (P<0.05) of all other browses, even at higher concentrations. The highest LMI rate (62%) induced by Acacia senegal extract at higher concentration, was lower than that of LMI rate (70%) induced by Vernonia amygadalina, at 300 μg/ml concentration. Vernonia amygadalina was found to be highly and rapidly effective against adult worms inducing the highest mortality rate (90%) as soon as 4 hrs after incubation. Overall, the in vitro results suggest that these five browses do possess anti-parasitic properties and Vernonia amygadalina showed the most effective anti-parasitic property. These effects remain to be confirmed through in vivo study.

Potential of indigenous legume fodder tree and shrubs to animal feed and mitigation of methane emission in the semi‐humid condition of southern Ethiopia

“…The rate at which substrates are digested in the rumen is as critical as the extent of digestion, as it determines the DM intake of ruminants (Li, 2021). It was found that the gas production characteristics of the current study were within the range reported for native species in the tropics (Sisay et al, 2018). The inter‐laboratory and rumen fluid variation might explain the disparity of gas production characteristics results among studies (Getachew et al, 2002).…”

Nutrient composition, in vitro digestibility, and methane production of two tropical grasses: Effect of grazing frequency and plant spacing

“…High SCFA and ME derived from M. maximus is suggested to be due to the high gas volume it produced and lower ADL content. This was affirmed by Sisay et al (2018) that high gas volume contributes tremendously to energy supply through short chain fatty acid production.…”

Anthelmintic Agents from African Medicinal Plants: Review and Prospects

“…amygdalina leaves exhibited 42% ovicidal effect, 70% larval migration inhibition and 90% adulticidal effects at 300 μ g/mL against H . contortus [ 141 ]. Alawa et al [ 131 ] reported no significant ovicidal effects of V .…”

“…have been reported to possess promissory anthelmintic activities against various test models. Tis included the leaves of A. polyacantha Wild [112], A. senegal, A. seyal, and A. tortilis [141]. Extracts of other fabaceous plants, such as leaves of Afrormosia laxifora, Butea monosperma, Millettia ferruginea, Mimosa pudica, Senna occidentalis, Tephrosia spinosa, Tephrosia vogelii, and Tephrosia villosa, stem barks of Afzelia africana, Albizia schimperiana, Daniellia oliveri, and the seed kernel of Caesalpinia crista, have all been reported to exhibit a varying spectrum of anthelmintic activities [88,89,94,98,109,118,127,141,145,158].…”

“…Anthelmintic studies of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of its leaves revealed signifcant paralytic efects (59.94 ± 8.25 and 33.18 ± 12.41 min, respectively) against the adult earthworm L. terrestris [99]. Acetone extract of V. amygdalina leaves exhibited 42% ovicidal efect, 70% larval migration inhibition and 90% adulticidal efects at 300 μg/mL against H. contortus [141]. Alawa et al [131] reported no signifcant ovicidal efects of V. amygdalina leaves extract at 11.2 mg/mL against H. contortus [131].…”