Anthelmintic Activities of Hexacosa-9, 11-dienoic Acid and 3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic Acid Isolated from Spermacoce verticillata

Abstract

The phytochemical screening, anthelmintics, and characterization of Spermacoce verticillata crude ethanolic extracts were carried out using standard methods. The research is aimed at investigating the in-vitro anthelmintic activity of Spermacoce verticillata and Cochlospermum tinctorium plants for possible active components. The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannin, Phenol, Fatty acid and Cardiac glycoside, Terpenoid and Saponin. The result of the anthelmintic activities showed that Spermacoce verticillata have paralysis time ranging from 25.9 -71.6 mins with death times ranging from 39 - 90.1 mins at concentrations range between 25 - 100 mg/cm3 The results of Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Analyses using TLC, CCH, IR, NMR GC-MS of c leads to the Isolation of two compounds namely Hexacosa-9,11-dienoic acid (fatty acid) and 3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (Pentacyclic triterpenoid) with paralysis/death time at concentration of 50 mg/cm3 of 22.5 mins and 36.3 mins for the fatty acid and 13.2 mins and 20.1 mins for the pentacyclic triterpenoid. The results were compared with standard drug (Albendazole) which showed higher activity than the crude extracts but lower than the isolated compounds. The results of this work therefore confirmed the traditional claim of using the plant for the treatment of helminthiasis disease.

Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich (Cochlospermaceae): a review

“…Previous research conducted by Diallo and colleagues has shown that the rhizome of C. tinctorium contains Confirmed [22] Pain and inflammation Roots [20] Confirmed [20] Fever and rheumatism Roots [8,13] Not confirmed Helminthiasis, worms Rhizomes [8,21] Confirmed [23] Infectious diseases Roots [17] Confirmed [22,[24][25][26] Gonorrhea 7,3-dimethyldihydroquercelin, 5,4-dimethylquercelin, cochloxanthine, dihydrocochloxanthine, and arjunolic acid [27]. Another study by Ballin et al reported the presence of 3-O-E-p-coumaroylalphitolic acid, cochloxanthine, dihydrocochloxanthine, alphitolic acid, and 1-hydroxytetradecan-3-one in the dichloromethane fraction of ethanol root extract of the plant [5].…”

Biological Insights and NMR Metabolic Profiling of Different Extracts ofSpermacoce verticillata(L.) G. Mey.

“…Several reports have documented the pharmacological properties of S. verticillata . It is known to possess antimicrobial, [11–14] anthelmintic, [15] anti‐inflammatory, [7,16] analgesic, [16] antinociceptive [17] and hepatoprotective properties [18] . Phytochemical investigations performed on flowers, roots, aerial parts or entire plant of S. verticillata have highlighted the presence of several classes of secondary metabolites [6,10,15] .…”

“…It is known to possess antimicrobial, [11–14] anthelmintic, [15] anti‐inflammatory, [7,16] analgesic, [16] antinociceptive [17] and hepatoprotective properties [18] . Phytochemical investigations performed on flowers, roots, aerial parts or entire plant of S. verticillata have highlighted the presence of several classes of secondary metabolites [6,10,15] . Indole (Verticillatine A and B) and bis‐indole (borrevine and borreverine) alkaloids have been identified as the predominant ones, [19] along with terpenoids (e. g., β ‐Sitosterol, caryophyllene and guiaene), flavonoids (e. g., rutin and kaempferol‐3‐ O ‐rhamnoside) and physteroids [6–8,15] .…”

“…[18] Phytochemical investigations performed on flowers, roots, aerial parts or entire plant of S. verticillata have highlighted the presence of several classes of secondary metabolites. [6,10,15] Indole (Verticillatine A and B) and bis-indole (borrevine and borreverine) alkaloids have been identified as the predominant ones, [19] along with terpenoids (e. g., β-Sitosterol, caryophyllene and guiaene), flavonoids (e. g., rutin and kaempferol-3-Orhamnoside) and physteroids. [6][7][8]15] The iridoids, borreiagenin, asperuloside and daphylloside have been detected in the methanolic flowers extract.…”

“…[6,10,15] Indole (Verticillatine A and B) and bis-indole (borrevine and borreverine) alkaloids have been identified as the predominant ones, [19] along with terpenoids (e. g., β-Sitosterol, caryophyllene and guiaene), flavonoids (e. g., rutin and kaempferol-3-Orhamnoside) and physteroids. [6][7][8]15] The iridoids, borreiagenin, asperuloside and daphylloside have been detected in the methanolic flowers extract. [20] In our continuous effort to scrutinize potential biologically active compounds from natural sources for managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, we attempted to investigate the pharmacological attributes and chemical constituents of S. verticillata.…”